10 Connective Tissue Flashcards
1
Q
Visiting cells consist of _____, _____, and _____
A
Inflammatory macrophages, plasma cells, and leukocytes (white blood cells)
2
Q
Cells that migrate to a site in response to stimulus and are more immunologically active
A
Inflammatory Macrophages
3
Q
Cells that increase in number only from monocytes and cannot do local proliferation
A
Inflammatory Macrophages
4
Q
TRUE or FALSE: If there is no stimulus, inflammatory macrophages will not be present in a tissue
A
TRUE
5
Q
Cells that have strong basophilic cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei, and clumps of chromatin
A
Plasma Cells
6
Q
These cells produces immunoglobulins or antibodies
A
Plasma Cells
7
Q
Function by binding to an antigen and marking it for destruction
A
Antibodies
8
Q
TRUE or FALSE: Plasma cells are capable of mitosis or reverting back to B cells
A
FALSE; Once they become plasma cells, they cannot go through mitosis or revert back to B cells
9
Q
Plasma cells differentiate from _____
A
B Lymphocytes (B Cells)
10
Q
Give the 5 types of leukocytes (white blood cells)
A
Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes
11
Q
TRUE or FALSE: In post-natal life, all leukocytes are produced in the bone marrow (except for the lymphocytes)
A
TRUE
12
Q
Produced in the lymphoid tissues and organs such as the thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils
A
Lymphocytes
13
Q
Once in the connective tissue, leokocytes exhibit what kind of movement?
A
Amoeboid Movement
14
Q
Give the 5 classification of connective tissue
A
Collagenous Connective, Adipose, Reticular, Elastic, Mucous Tissues
15
Q
Most abundant extracellular fiber in collagenous connective tissue
A
Collagen Fiber (Collagen Type I)
16
Q
Most abundant cell in collagenous connective tissue
A
Fibroblast
17
Q
Collagen fibers arranged in a definite pattern and comprises tendons, ligaments, and fibrous membranes
A
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
18
Q
Type of tissue wherein collagen fibers run in various directions (haphazard)
A
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
19
Q
Type of tissue that is highly vascular and is more cellular than dense connective tissue
A
Loose Connective Tissue
20
Q
Predominant cell in adipose tissue
A
Adipocyte
21
Q
Specialized cell that stores fat
A
Adipocyte
22
Q
Represents the largest energy storage site, functions as thermal insulator, and serves as shock absorber
A
Adipose Tissue
23
Q
TRUE or FALSE: In the lobules of adipose tissue, the adipocytes are supported mainly by collagen fibers
A
FALSE; Adipocytes are supported mainly by RETICULAR fibers (found in between adipocytes)
24
Q
Stores fat in single vacuole, synthesizes and secrete leptin; found in visceral and subcutaneous areas
A
Yellow (White) Fat
25
Stores fat in numerous vacuoles, rich in mitochondria, and the main function is to produce heat
Brown Fat
26
Type of fat that is commonly seen in newborns. especially in the neck, back, and shoulders
Brown Fat
27
Connective tissues originated from which germ layer?
Mesoderm
28
What are the two compositions of a connective tissue?
Extracellular matrix and Cells
29
TRUE OR FALSE: The main component of the ground substance are proteoglycans.
FALSE (Main component = water, Main structural constituent = proteoglycans)
30
TRUE OR FALSE: The presence of sulfate and carboxyl groups make the ground substance acidic.
TRUE
31
What is the most abundant glyocosaminoglycan in the connective tissue?
Hyaluronic acid/Hyaluron
32
What is the most commonly occurring type of connective tissue?
Collagen fbers
33
Which type of collagen particularly makes up collagen fibers?
Type I
34
What is the precursor protein of a collagen fiber?
Procollagen
35
What makes up the core of elastic fibers?
Elastin
36
Which of the three fibers are abundant in structures with frequent stretching?
Elastic fibers
37
Reticular fibers are made up of which collagen type?
Type III
38
What type of cell in the connective tissue are known as multipotent stem cells?
Mesenchymal cells
39
What type of stem cell gives rise to any human cell, placental cell, or fetal membrane cells?
Totipotent
40
What type of stem cell can form any cell type of the body but cannot produce a human being?
Pluripotent
41
These are stellate (star-shaped) cells with delicate cytoplasmic processes and oval nuclei.
Mesenchymal cells
42
What is the most abundant cells in most connective tissues?
Fibroblasts
43
These are inactive fibroblasts which can aid in wound healing during appropriate conditions.
Fibrocytes
44
What are the specialized cell that stores lipids or fats in the cytoplasm?
Adipose cells/Adipocytes
45
What are the two solutions used to visualize adipocytes as grey or black globules?
Glutaraldehyde and Osmic acid
46
TRUE OR FALSE: Adipocytes are capable of mitosis.
FALSE
47
What cell contains chemical mediators of inflammation such as histamine, heparin, and proteases?
Mast cells
48
Macrophages are derived from what type of WBCs?
Monocytes
49
TRUE OR FALSE: Inflammatory macrophages are always present in a connective tissue.
FALSE (Inflammatory macrophages are present only when there is a stimulus, specifically an infection)
50
What are the most numerous cell type in the reticular tissue?
Reticular cells
51
What are the most abundant extracullular fiber in the reticular tissue?
Reticular fiber
52
The reticular tissue forms the ___ of the ___, ___, ___, ___ and, ___
stroma/supporting framework; liver, bone marrow, pancreas, lymph nodes and spleen
53
What is the predominant cell type in elastic connective tissue?
Fibroblast (in between elastic fibers)
54
What is the most abundant extracellular fiber in elastic connective tissue?
Elastic fiber (with a few collagen fibers)
55
In elastic connective tissue, elastic fibers are arranged _____ to each other,
parallel
56
The elastic connective tissue is exmplified by ___ of the ___ & ___ of the ___
ligament flava; vertebral column & suspensory ligament; penis
57
The mucous tissue is characterized by abundant ___ and ___ substance, mainly made-up of ___
amorphous; jelly like ground; hyaluronic acid
58
What are the mucous connective tissue that are embedded in ground substance, though scanty?
scarce collagen, reticular and elastic fibers
59
What are the cellular elements of mucous connective tissue?
Few mesenchymal cells; fibroblasts & occasional macrophages
60
Mucous connective tissue is common in ___ and not in ___
embryo; adults
61
Where is mucous connective tissue emeplified in?
Wharton's jelly in umbilical cord
62
What are the two types of adipose tissue that are grossly distinguishable?
Yellow adipose tissue and Brown adipose issue
63
What type of tissue contains a predominant cellular element called fat or adipose cells?
Adipose Tissue
64
Which cell type is primarily responsible for storing fats, particularly triglycerides, within its cytoplasm?
Adipose Cell
65
In which parts of the body does adipose tissue function as a shock absorber?
Soles of the feet and around the kidneys
66
What type of stain is commonly used to clearly visualize the reticular fibers in reticular tissue?
Silver Stain
67
It serves as the supporting framework or stroma of the lymph node
Reticular tissue
68
What type of cells are typically found attached to reticular fibers, which create complicated networks?
Reticular fibers
69
A connective tissue in which the predominant fibrillar component is the elastic fiber
Elastic tissue
70
Predominant cells in elastic tissue
Fibroblasts
71
Ligamenta flava of the vertebral column and Suspensory ligament of the penis exemplifies what type of tissue?
Elastic tissue
72
T/F: Few collagenous fibers and fibroblasts are found in between the elastic fibers
T
73
The largest artery in the body
Aorta
74
Darkly staining band that occupies the lower half of the aorta
Tunica media
75
Which histologic layer of the heart can the elastic lamellae be observed?
Tunica media
76
Seen as wavy black lines consisting of sheets of elastin
Elastic lamellae
77
Histologic layer of the heart that is made up of loose connective tissue; has fibroblasts
Tunica adventitia
78
Which are the main cellular elements of the tissue in the aorta?
Fibroblasts
79
It is a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium layer of the skin that forms the most superficial layer of the skin
Epidermis
80
It is the layer of the skin under the epidermis and has extracellular areas within its two layers
Dermis
81
What type of tissue is the Papillary layer of the Dermis made up of?
Loose Connective Tissue
82
What type of tissue is the Reticular layer of the Dermis made up of?
Dense Irregular Tissue
83
Which of the two layers of the Dermis consists more of Collagen Fibers?
Reticular Layer
84
It is the predominant connective tissue cell in loose and dense irregular connective tissue
Fibroblast
85
What is the shape of the Fibroblasts nucleus?
Elongated Ovoid Nucleus
86
It is a type of white blood cells numerous in the loose connective tissue that comprises the papillary layer of the dermis
Lymphocytes
87
What is the shape of the Lymphocytes nucleus?
Dark Round or Kidney Shaped Nucleus
88
These cells have intensely basophilic cytoplasm and an eccentric nucleus
Plasma Cells
89
These cells have a multilobulated nucleus
Neutrophils
90
These cells can only be distinguished from fibroblasts if they have phagocytosed material in their cytoplasm
Macrophages
91
It is a layer of the skin located below the Dermis
Hypodermis
92
After preparation these cells consists simply of a large space and flattened nucleus located in the side of the cell
Adipose Cells
93
Another name for the Adipose Cells due to their close resemblance to rings
Signet Ring Cells
94
What are the three types of tissues found in the Skin, Fingertip
Loose Connective Tissue, Dense Irregular Connective Tissue, and Adipose Tissue
95
True or False, Collagen fibers are prominent in only the Papillary layer of the dermis
FALSE, it is found in both layers of the Dermis
96
True or False, Adipocytes are found in the hypodermis of the fingertip wherein they are more typical and better preserved than in the skin in the sole of foot
TRUE
97
What is the layer of loose connective tissue immediately underneath the epithelium?
Lamina Propria
98
Enumerate the three (3) cells found in the Lamina Propria
Fibroblasts, Lymphocytes, Plasma Cells, Macrophages, Mast Cells, Neutrophils, and Eosinophils
99
What is the cell in the Lamina Propria that is morphologically typical in it?
Fibroblast
100
What are the small white blood cells with a round to reniform nucleus that occupies the whole cell?
Lymphocytes
101
True or False: Plasma cells have highly acidophilic cytoplasm.
FALSE. Plasma Cells have highly basophilic cytoplasm.
102
What do you call the visiting cell in the Lamina Propria that has an eccentric nucleus?
Plasma Cells
103
It is a cell that can only be distinguished from fibroblasts if they have phagocytic material in their cytoplasm.
Macrophages
104
It is a cell that is present in the Lamina Propria but cannot be identified.
Mast Cells
105
What are the two (2) white blood cells that populate the Lamina Propria?
Neutrophils and Eosinophils
106
It is a layer of loose connective tissue that also has fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and other connective tissue cells.
Submucosa
107
It is a tough cord or band made up of dense regular connective tissue
that serves to attach skeletal muscles to other structures.
Tendon
108
True or False: Tendon consists largely of collagen fiber bundles.
TRUE
109
Tendons contain this cell which have flattened elongated nucleus
Fibroblasts
110
What structure envelopes the spleen?
Capsule
111
What type of tissue is the capsule of the spleen made of?
Dense irregular connective tissue
112
What do you call the mucous tissue that mainly makes up the umbilical cord?
Wharton’s jelly
113
True or False: Wharton's jelly has abundant extracellular fibers and cells.
FALSE. It has scarce number of extracellular fibers and cells
114
True or False: Most cells in Wharton’s jelly look like fibroblasts but are outnumbered by mesenchymal cells.
TRUE
115
True or False: The umbilical cord has 1 artery and 2 veins.
FALSE. The umbilical cord has 2 artieries and 1 vein
116
What is the small tubular structure in the umbilical cors that is vestigial to humans?
Allantois
117
What is the predominant cell in elastic fiber?
Fibroblast cell
118
True or False. Elastic fibers branch and anastomose.
TRUE
119
What stain is used for elastic fibers that make them appear blue to black?
Orcein stain
120
What makes up the homogenous and amorphous core of elastic fibers?
Elastin
121
What is the longitudinal bundle that surrounds elastin in elastic fibers?
Microfibrils
122
True or False: Elastic fibers have lesser tensile strength than collagen fibers.
TRUE
123
What cells secrete the substances needed for formation of elastic fibers?
Fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells
124
What is the precursor of elastin?
Tropoelastin
125
True or False: Elastic fibers are scarce in structures subjected to frequent stretching.
FALSE. Elastic fibers are abundant in structures subjected to frequent stretching.
126
True or False: Elastin is resistant to boiling and hydrolysis by acids, alkali,
and most enzymes.
TRUE
127
The skin and the fingertips have three (3) types of connective tissue. What are these?
Loose connective tissue, Dense irregular connective tissue, Adipose tissue
128
What type of fibers are found in the two layers of the dermis?
Collagen fibers
129
What cells are found in the hypodermis of the fingertip, where they are better preserved than in the sole of the foot?
Adipocytes
130
Represents the largest energy storage site of the body
Adipose tissue
131
Adipose tissue serves as a thermal insulator, particularly stored in which area?
Subcutaneous area
132
Connective tissue that functions as a shock absorber, particularly in the soles of the feet and around the kidneys?
Adipose tissue
133
Stain used to identiy and stain reticular fibers black
Silver stain
134
Serves as the supporting framework or stroma of the lymph node
Reticular tissue
