10: Emotions Flashcards
What are the 6 basic human emotions?
anger, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust & enjoyment
What are the 5 criteria for basic emotions?
Rapid onset
Brief duration
Unbidden occurrence
Distinctive universal signals
Specific physiological correlates
What was the James-Lange/physiological view on emotion?
Stimulus – Percept – Physiological changes – Emotion
What is the evidence against the physiological underpinning of emotion
People without peripheral inputs still experience emotion (but perhaps not as strongly?)
Peripheral arousal doesn’t recreate emotion (eg going on a run doesn’t = fear)
What was the outcome of the adrenaline study?
People showed a greater change in mood when they didn’t know about the side effects for the euphoric condition but not the angry condition
Can we predict the ANS response for an emotion someone is feeling?
No - “the most robust finding…was the observation of substantial variation in Autonomic Nervous System responding during instances of the same emotion category”
what 4 things occurs as a response to amygdala lesions?
Reduced fear conditioning
Selective recognition of fear from face photos
Lack enhanced memory for emotional components of narrative
Recall of emotional information predicted by amygdala activation at encoding
what 4 things occur as a result of ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions?
No elevated skin conductivity response (seen in fight or flight) for emotional stimuli with “social significance”
More likely to “overcome an emotional response” during moral dilemma
Heightened emotional reactivity and hypo-emotionality
Following a tumour and lesion to the vmPFC lacked emotional reactions and engaged in poor real-world decision-making
In the Iowa gambling task, what differences did those with vmPFC damage show?
vmPFR damage patients don’t slowly learn which options will lose them less money and show less skin conductivity and emotions due to decision
How does skin conductivity and behavioural changes correlate in vmPFC damage patients?
Negatively - vmPFC have much lower skin conductivity response to the stages but greater behavioural responses
How does Skin Conductivity Response correlate with people’s decision making about loss patterns?
SCR influences behaviour as it spikes before people realise what the pattern is
what is somatic marker theory?
A theory suggesting that emotional processes can consciously or unconsciously impact decision-making by creating biomarkers, also known as somatic markers
What are the 4 criticisms of the somatic marker hypothesis?
1 We may not need somatic cues
2 Somatic cues may not signal outcomes - there are always higher skin conductivity for larger individual losses even if overall the loss is smaller
3 People’s conscious knowledge doesn’t match with their behaviour
4 An alternative explanation for patient data (vmPFC patients ahve worse memories)
