10. Infectious Disease

Question 1

Infectious diseases

disease

Answer 1

caused by pathogens and are transmissible

absence of good health/well-being/lack of physical well-being. illness/disorder. having an adverse effect reduced function.

Question 2

name and type of pathogen that causes each of the
following diseases:

cholera
malaria
tuberculosis (TB)
HIV/AIDS

Answer 2

• cholera – caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae
• malaria – caused by the protoctists Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium vivax
• tuberculosis (TB) – caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis
• HIV/AIDS – caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 3

explain how cholera, malaria, TB and HIV are transmitted

Answer 3

cholera-
malaria- insect vector anopheles/ mosquito
TB- airborne droplets/ aerosol infection
HIV-

Question 4

biological, social and economic factors that need to be considered in the prevention and control of cholera

Question 5

biological, social and economic factors that need to be considered in the prevention and control of malaria

Question 6

biological, social and economic factors that need to be considered in the prevention and control of TB

Question 7

biological, social and economic factors that need to be considered in the prevention and control of HIV

Answer 7

1 supply, condoms / femidoms / dental dams / item(s) for protection during sex ;
2 barrier to transmission during sexual intercourse ;
3 ref. to, needle exchange schemes / other suitable support for intravenous drug (ab)users ; I clean needles
4 decreases risk of sharing contaminated equipment / AW ;
5 use, new needles / new syringes / sterilised equipment / AW, for medical procedures ; I clean needles
6 decreases risk of transmission from contaminated blood ;
7 provide testing for HIV, in high risk groups / to individuals at high risk ;
8 for early diagnosis so newly infected people so can start drug treatment immediately ;
8 test pregnant women for HIV / provide powdered milk to women who are HIV positive ;
9 prevent women who are HIV positive passing HIV in breast milk ;
10 prevent people who are HIV positive being blood donors / screen donated blood / heat-treat donated blood ;
11 prevent people receiving blood infected with HIV, during blood transfusions / operations ;
12 carry out contact tracing ;
13 locate people who, are undiagnosed / may be HIV positive / should be offered test ;
14 supply (named) drug(s) to people, living with HIV / who are HIV positive / pregnant women with HIV ;
15 prevents HIV, spreading throughout the body / infecting more T-lymphocytes ; A to reduce viral load
16 provide, education / information, about, HIV treatments / HIV transmission ;
17 to raise awareness of ways to reduce infection / AW ; A use of barrier methods during sex / saf

Question 8

how penicillin acts on bacteria

Answer 8

destroys cell wall- peptidoglycan

Question 9

why antibiotics do not affect viruses

Question 10

discuss the consequences of antibiotic resistance

Question 11

steps that can be taken to reduce impact of antibiotic resistance