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[ MT632 Lab ] Human Anatomy and Physiology with Pathophysiology > 1.0. Language of Anatomy > Flashcards

1.0. Language of Anatomy Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Anatomy

A
  • Study of structures
  • Greek word “ana” means “up”
  • Greek word “tome” means “cut”
  • Study of morphology & structures through dissection
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2
Q

Physiology

A
  • Study of how structures function
  • Greek word “physis” meaning “nature/origin”
  • Greek word “logia” means “study or the study of”
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3
Q

Pathology

A
  • Study of disease
  • Greek word “pathos” means “disease”
  • Greek word “logia” means “study or the study of”
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4
Q

Pathophysiology

A
  • Functional changes that accompany a particular disease
  • Convergence of pathology & physiology
  • Disordered physiological process that cause or result from or associated with a disease or injury
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5
Q

Anatomical Position

A
  • Standard position used to describe or refer to particular part of the body
  • Fixed imaginary position
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6
Q

In the anatomical position, the subject:

A
  • Stands erect
  • Arms are close to the sides
  • Faces the observer
  • Palms of the hands are facing forward (thumb is slightly directed away from the median plane)
  • Head level & eyes should face
  • Directly forward
  • Feet flat on the floor & directed forward (not too wide apart)
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7
Q

Supine

A

Lying face upward

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8
Q

Prone

A

Lying face downward

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9
Q

Anterior / Ventral

A

Front / belly side

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10
Q

Posterior / Dorsal

A

Back side

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11
Q

Superior

A
  • Closer to the top of the head
  • Used for the axial region only
  • Cephalic in humans
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12
Q

Inferior

A
  • Farther away from the top of the head
  • Used for the axial region only
  • Caudal (in humans)
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13
Q

Medial

A

Toward midline of body

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14
Q

Lateral

A
  • Away from midline of body

- Side

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15
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to body

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16
Q

Distal

A

Farther from body

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17
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to surface

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18
Q

Deep

A

Farther from surface

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19
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side of body

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20
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite side of body

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21
Q

Axial Region

A
  • Anatomical Region

- Head, neck, and trunk (longitudinal axis)

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22
Q

Abdominal

A
  • Axial region

- Belly

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23
Q

Axillary

A
  • Axial region

- Armpit

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24
Q

Cranial / Cephalic

A
  • Axial region

- Head

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25
Cervical
- Axial region | - Neck
26
Inguinal
- Axial region | - Groin
27
Pelvic
- Axial region | - Lower Trunk
28
Thoracic
- Axial region | - Chest
29
Umbilical
- Axial region | - Navel
30
Appendicular Region
- Anatomical Region | - Arms and legs
31
Brachial
- Appendicular region | - Arm
32
Carpal
- Appendicular region | - Wrist
33
Cubital
- Appendicular region | - Elbow
34
Femoral
- Appendicular region | - Thigh
35
Palmar
- Appendicular region | - Palms of hands
36
Patellar
- Appendicular region | - Knee
37
Plantar
- Appendicular region | - Soles of feet
38
Tarsal
- Appendicular region | - Ankle
39
Body Cavities
- Spaces within the body - Protect & support internal organs - Bones, muscles & ligaments separate the various body cavities - There’s no wall that separates the cranial & vertebral cavities
40
3 General Body Cavities
Dorsal Cavity Thoracic Cavity Abdominopelvic Cavity
41
Dorsal Body Cavities
Houses the nervous system
42
2 Cavities of Dorsal Body Cavities
- CRANIAL CAVITY (houses brain) | - VERTEBRAL / SPINAL CAVITY (houses spinal cord)
43
3 Layers of Meninges that Protect Dorsal Body Cavity
- Dura Meter - Arachnoid - Pia Meter
44
Ventral Body Cavity
- VISCERA (organs inside this cavity)
45
Thoracic Cavity
- Division in Ventral Body Cavity divided by diaphragm - Houses lungs and heart - Surrounded by rib cage - Muscular diaphragm separates it from abdominopelvic cavity - Divided into left & right parts by MEDIASTINUM (contains heart, thymus, trachea, esophagus, & other structures)
46
Abdominopelvic Cavity
- Division in Ventral Body Cavity divided by diaphragm - ABDOMINAL CAVITY (digestive system – stomach, intestines, liver spleen, pancreas, and kidneys) - PELVIC CAVITY (urinary bladder, parts of large intestine, and internal reproductive organs)
47
Serous Membrane
- Double layered membranes that contains fluid between 2 layers: - PARIETAL (outer layer) & VISCERAL layers (next to organ) - SEROUS FLUID (in between)
48
Pleura
- Membrane that encapsulate major organs | - Surrounds each of the lungs in Thoracic Cavity
49
2 Types of Pleura
- VISCERAL PLEURA (indirect contact with lungs) | - PARIETAL PLEURA (not indirect with lungs)
50
Pleural Fluid
Fills space between Parietal and Visceral Pleura
51
Pericardium
- Membrane that encapsulate major organs | - Surrounds heart
52
2 Types of Pericardium
- VISCERAL (in contact with heart) | - PARIETAL (not contact with heart)
53
Pericardial Fluid
Fills space between Pleura and Pericardium
54
Peritoneum
- Double layered and has many abdominal organ pushed into it from the posterior wall of the abdominopelvic cavity - Lines anterior wall of Abdominopelvic Cavity
55
2 Types of Peritoneum
- VISCERAL PERITONEUM (covers several but not all organs of abdominal cavity) - PARIETAL PERITONEUM
56
Retroperitoneal
- Between Parietal Peritoneum and Posterior Abdominal wall | - Most pancreas are here
57
Regions of Abdomen
1. Umbilical region 2. Epigastric region 3. Hypogastric region 4. Right & left iliac region 5. Right & left lumbar region 6. Right & left hypochondriac region 7. Appendix 8. Stomach 9. Small and large intestine
58
Umbilical Region
- Centermost - Deep - Surrounds umbilicus
59
Epigastric Region
Superior to Umbilical Region
60
Hypogastric Region
- Pubic | - Inferior to umbilical region
61
Right & Left Iliac Region
- Inguinal | - Lateral to hypogastric
62
Right & Left Lumbar Region
Lateral to umbilical
63
Right & Left Hypochondriac Region
Overlie lower ribs
64
Appendix
Right lower quadrant
65
Stomach
Left upper quadrant
66
Small and Large Intestine
Umbilical region
67
Nine-Region Designations
- SUBCOASTAL LINE (line of the ribcage, and 10th costal cartilage) - TRANSTUBERCULAR LINE (5th lumbar vertebra) - MIDCLAVICULAR LINE (middle part of the clavicle / collar bone)
68
Longitudinal
Superior to inferior
69
Transverse
Left to right or side to side
70
Sagittal
Anterior to posterior
71
Anatomical Planes
Sagittal Oblique Frontal Transversal
72
Sagittal Plane
- Anatomical Plane - Top to bottom - Cuts the body into left and right parts
73
2 Types of Sagittal Plane
- MIDSAGITTAL (runs through center of body, equal left and right parts) - PARASAGITTAL (parallel to midsagittal, unequal parts of body, "para" - rather on side)
74
Oblique Plane
- Anatomical Plane - Plane that is any type of angle other than horizontal or vertical angle - Something is not parallel
75
Frontal Plane / Coronal Plane
- Anatomical Plane - Runs vertically from top to bottom - Divides body into anterior and posterior
76
Transverse Plane / Horizontal Plane / Cross Plane
- Anatomical Plane - Runs parallel to ground - Cuts body into superior and anterior - Cross section or transverse section

[ MT632 Lab ] Human Anatomy and Physiology with Pathophysiology (3 decks)

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