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Y2 Radiography > 10. Soft Tissue Calcifications > Flashcards

10. Soft Tissue Calcifications Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 tissue types of disorganised heterotropic calcification?

A
  1. Dystrophic
  2. Idiopathic
  3. Metastatic
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2
Q

In which type of disorganised heterotropic calcification is serum calcium phosphate elevated?

A

Metastatic heterotropic calcification
- due to systemic conditions

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3
Q

What are some soft tissue calcifications of dystrophic type?

A
  1. Tonsillolith
  2. Calcified carotid artery plaques
  3. Calcified lymph nodes
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4
Q

What are some soft tissue calcifications of Idiopathic type?

A
  1. Triticeous cartilage
  2. Phlebolith
  3. Sialoliths
  4. Rhinoliths & Antroliths
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5
Q

What are some soft tissue calcifications of Metastatic type?

A

Systemic conditions
E.g.
1. Hyper parathyroidism
2. Hypercalcemia
3. Renal failure

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6
Q

What are some heterotropic ossifications of organised bone type?

A
  1. Ossification of stylohyoid ligament
  2. Osteoma cutis
  3. Myositis ossificans
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7
Q

What are the locations at which soft tissue calcifications should be looked out for?

A
  1. Ramus
  2. Soft tissues of neck - ramus to hyoid
  3. Soft tissues of neck - below hyoid
  4. Sinus & Nasal cavity
  5. Cheek & lips
  6. Osteoma cutis
  7. Submandibular region
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8
Q

What soft tissue calcifications are commonly found at the ramus?

A
  1. Tonsilloliths
  2. Parotid gland sialoliths (super super rare)
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9
Q

What soft tissue calcifications are commonly found at the neck area, below the hyoid?

A
  1. Triticeous cartilage
  2. Thyroid cartilage
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10
Q

What soft tissue calcifications are commonly found at the neck, from hyoid to ramus?

A
  1. Ossified stylohyoid ligament
  2. Calcified atheromatous plaque
  3. Calcified lymph nodes
  4. Phleboliths
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11
Q

What soft tissue calcifications are commonly found at the Sinus & Nasal cavity?

A

Rhinoliths and Antroliths

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12
Q

What soft tissue calcifications are commonly found at the cheek & lips?

A

Osteoma cutis

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13
Q

What soft tissue calcifications are commonly found at the Submandibular gland region?

A

Submandibular gland sialoliths

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14
Q

Which is the most common soft tissue calcification?

A

Tonsilloliths

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15
Q

How do tonsilloliths present on the radiograph?

A
  • at ramus
  • small & clustered, ill defined, irregular
  • can be round or jagged
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16
Q

How does the Tonsillolith come about?

A

Accumulation of debris (bacteria, pus, epithelial cells, food) in the setting of inflammation within the tonsillar crypts
- serves as nidus of dystrophic calcification

17
Q

What is the most common sialolith? Why?

A

Submandibular gland sialolith. (>85%)
- wharton’s duct is long & tortuous, travels against gravity
- saliva from SMG is also more viscous/mucus

18
Q

Meal time symptoms are a sign of what soft tissue calcification?

A

Sialoliths
- increased discomfort arises when salivary flow is stimulated

19
Q

How do sialoliths present on radiograph?

A
  1. Heavy chunck of calcification
    - smooth outline
    - ovoid or cylindrical
    - can be homogenously radiopaque or lamellated
    - near SMG usually
  2. Diffuse & disperse (sjogren’s syndrome) (dry eyes n dry mouth)
20
Q

What is Lithotripsy?

A
  • use of shock waves to break up stone (b4 milking stone out), when stone is too big
21
Q

Where is the triticeous cartilage located?

A
  • in the straight line, below end of hyoid bone and above thyroid cartilage
  • smooth, well defined, rounded radio-opacity ‘grain of wheat’
22
Q

What is Eagle’s syndrome?

A
  • stylohyoid syndrome (calcification)
  • characterised by sharp pain at throat to neck, radiating through ear
  • esp when chewing, swallowing, speaking, yawning
23
Q

How does ossification of the stylohyoid ligament appear on radiographs?

A
  • linear, straight ossification (w bone-like density)
  • extends from mastoid region towards hyoid bone

Y2 Radiography (10 decks)

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