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6. REPRODUCTIVE > 10. Testicular Cancer > Flashcards

10. Testicular Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factor for Testicular Cancer

A
  1. Cryptorchidism (for both testicles
  2. Gonadal Dysgenesis
  3. Klinefelters
  4. Trauma
  5. Orchitis
  6. Testicular microlithiasis
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2
Q

MAle + 18-35 + Undescended testicle =

A

Seminoma

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3
Q

Nonpalpable testicle =

A

undescended testicle

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4
Q

Subtypes of TEsticular Cancer

A
  1. Germ Cell (90%)
    a. Seminoma
    b. Non Seminoma
    - Teratoma
    - Yolk Sac
    - Mixed germ Cell
  2. Non germ Cell (10%)
    • Sertoli
    • Leydig
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5
Q

Most testicular tumors met via Via the lymphatics (retroperitoneal at the renal hilum) EXCEPT

A

Choriocarcinoma (Hematogeneous)

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6
Q

Mass in the ball sac + Intratesticular + Solid =

A

Likely Malignant

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7
Q

Mass in the ball sac + Intratesticular + Cystic =

A

Likely Benign

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8
Q

Mass in the ball sac + Extratesticular + Cystic =

A

Benign

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9
Q

his is the most common testicular tumor, and has the best prognosis as they are very radiosensitive

A

Seminoma

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10
Q

Age 25 + mass in ballsac + homogeneous hypoechoic round + Microcalcifications - “replaces” the entire testicle + Dark T2 =

A

Seminoma

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11
Q

Mass in ballsac + Heterogeneous + cystic spaces and calcification +

A

Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor

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12
Q

Heterogeneous mass —> shrinks + calcifications =

A

Buned-out Testicular tumor (Shrinking tumor)

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13
Q

Unilateral + Diffusely large ill-defined testicle / Multiple hypoechoic masses + 60 y.o. + Immunosuppresed + =

A

Testicular Lymphoma (CAn be bilateral

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14
Q

Most common bilateral testicular tumor =

A

Testicular Lymphoma

Although it is usually unilateral (60%)

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15
Q

Testicular lymphoma is usually this subtype =

A

Diffuse B-Cell

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16
Q

Homogenous and Microcalcifications =

A

Seminoma

17
Q

Cystic Elements and Macrocalcifications =

A

Mixed Germ Cell Tumor / Teratoma

18
Q

Most testicular tumors met via =

A

the lymphatics to the retroperitoneal nodes

19
Q

Gynecomastia can be seen with

A

Sertoli Leydig Tumors

20
Q

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome can be seen with

A

Sertoli Tumors

21
Q

Bilateral testicular cancer =

A

Lymphoma

22
Q

Bilateral hypoechoic masses =

A

Lymphoma

23
Q

Bilateral solid testicular masses + congenital adrenal hyperplasia =

A

Adrenal Rests

24
Q

Bilateral solid testicular & epididvmal masses =

A

Testicular Sarcoid

25
Q

Bilateral 1-6-mm, hyperechoic, avascular masses + Cowden Syndrome =

A

Focal Lipomatosis

26
Q

Elevated Beta hCG

A

Seminoma
Choriocarcinoma (Non-Seminoma)

27
Q

Elevated AFP

A

Mixed Germ Cell (Non-S)
Yolk Sac (Non-S)

28
Q

Male age 18-35, pelvic mass with an ipsilateral draining vein that empties into the inferior vena cava (if right sided) or left renal vein (if left sided) =

+ scrotum with only one testicle

A

Think of Cancer of the undescended testicle - whisper “nice try assholes”

29
Q

Lung probles + Uveitis + Multiple small hypoechoic testicle lesions that don’t change over time =

A

Sarcoid of the balls

30
Q

Testicular mets should spread to

A

Para-aortic
Aortic
Caval region

N1-N3

31
Q

Non regional metastasis =

A

Mets to the pelvic, external iliac and inguinal nodes (M1 disease)

32
Q

Pain + No trauma + No blood flow =

A

Infarct

33
Q

History of Acute pain + No increased internal flow on Dopper wihtin the masses

A

Hematoma

34
Q
A

Epidermoid Cyst

“Onion skin”

alternating hypoechoic and hyperechoic rings

Relatively non-vascular - benign

35
Q
A

Tubular ectasia of teh Rete Testis

Cystic dilatation next to the mediastinum testis - normal variant

From obliteration (complete or partial) of the efferent ducts.

6. REPRODUCTIVE (17 decks)

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