10.0 Drug List Flashcards
(203 cards)
1
Q
Vesamicol
A
Non-competative and reversible blocker of VAChT
2
Q
Varenicline
A
High affinity partial agonist for the α4β2nAChRs<div>High affinity full agonst for the α7nAChRs</div>
3
Q
Trimetaphan
A
Competative antagonist of the (α3)2(β2)3isoform of the nAChR
4
Q
Hexamethonium
A
Competative antagonist of the (α3)2(β2)3isoform of the nAChR
5
Q
Tetramethylammonium (TMA)
A
Neuronal (Nn) nAChR agonist
6
Q
Dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP)
A
Neuronal (Nn) nAChR agonist
7
Q
Suxamethonium
A
Depolarising nAChR antagonist that initially activates the receptor but isnt hydrolysed by AChE so causes a secondary antagonism
8
Q
Curare (d-tubocurarine)
A
Non-depolarising nAChR antagonist
9
Q
Pancuronium
A
Synthetic non-depolarising aminosteriod nAChR antagonist
10
Q
Rocuronium
A
Synthetic non-depolarising aminosteriod nAChR antagonist
11
Q
Atracurium
A
Synthetic non-depolarising nAChR antagonist (benzylisoquinolinium)
12
Q
Mivacurium
A
Synthetic non-depolarising nAChR antagonist (benzylisoquinolinium)
13
Q
Botulinum toxin (BTx)
A
Peptidase that cleaves SNARE proteins to prevent release of ACh, hence blocking cholinergic neurotransmission
14
Q
α-bungarotoxin
A
Irreversibly binds to the ACh binding site on the adult nAChR hence blocking cholinergic neurotransmission
15
Q
β-bungarotoxin
A
Inhibits ACh release through a mechanism thought to involve phospholipase A2, which leads to blockage of cholinergic neurotransmission
16
Q
α-lacrotoxin
A
Causes massive release and subsequent depletion of ACh at the NMJ thought to be due to its ability to form a Ca2+channel
17
Q
Tetanus neurotoxin
A
Cleaves synaptobrevin to prevent glycine release by inhibitory interneurones upsteam of those innervating skeletal muscle
18
Q
Bethanechol
A
Choline ester that acts as a non-selective agonist of mAChRs
19
Q
Pilocarpine
A
mAChR agonist that is stable to hydrolysis by AChE
20
Q
Atropine
A
Non-selective mAChR antagonist
21
Q
Scopoloamine
A
Non-selective mAChR antagonist
22
Q
Homatropine
A
Non-selective mAChR antagonist
23
Q
Methscopolamine
A
Non-selective mAChR antagonist
24
Q
Ipratropium
A
Short-acting non-selective mAChR antagonist (SAMA) with some selectivity for M3receptors in the airways
25
Tiotropium
Long-acting non-selective mAChR antagonist (LAMA) with some selectivity for M3 receptors in the airways
26
Glycopyrronium
Long-acting non-selective mAChR antagonist (LAMA) with some selectivity for M3 receptors in the airways
27
Tropicamide
Non-selective mAChR antagonist
28
Cyclopentolate
Non-selective mAChR antagonist
29
Pirenzepine
M1 selective mAChR antagonist
30
Darifenacin
M3 selective mAChR antagonist
31
Solifenacin
M3 selective mAChR antagonist
32
Endrophonium
Non-covalent, reversible, short-acting AChE inhibitor
33
Neostigmine
Covalent, reversible, medium-acting AChE inhibitor
34
Physostigmine
Covalent, reversible, medium-acting AChE inhibitor
35
Ecothiophate
Long-acting, irreversible AChE inhibitor
36
Nerve gases (tabun, sarin, novichok etc.)
Long-acting, irreversible AChE inhibitors
37
Isoprenaline
β-selective AR agonist
38
Noradrenaline
αAR-selective agonist
39
Adrenaline
Non-selective AR agonist
40
α-Methyldopa
Competative inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase
41
L-DOPA
Product of tyrosine hydroxylase that can boos dopamine synthesis
42
Carbidopa
Inhibitor of peripheral DOPA decarboxylase
43
Disulfiram
Inhibitor of dopamine β hydroxylase
44
α-Μethyldopa
False transmitter released with DA and NA that acts as an α2-selective AR agonist
45
Reserpine
Irreversible blocker of VMAT2-mediated monoamine uptake into vesicles
46
Guanethidine
Low doses block impulse conduction at adrenergic synapses
High doses leads to a depletion of NA
47
Dexamfetamine
Indirectly-acting sympatheticomimetic that causes adrenergic neurotransmitter release via a Ca2+-independant mechansim
48
Ephedrine
Mixed acting sympatheticomimetic that causes both release of NA and acts directly as an agonist at adrenoceptors
49
Imipramine
TCA that inhibits NET/Uptake 1
50
6-Hydropamine
Synthetic neurotoxin used to destroy dopaminergic neurones and induce PD in animal models
51
Phenoxybenzamine
Irreversible αAR antagonist that also blocks ENT/Uptake 2 at high concentrations
52
Normetanephrine
Metabolite of NA that blocks ENT/Uptake 2
53
Entacapone
COMT inhibitor
54
Xylometazoline
αAR-selective agonist
55
Phenylephrine
α1AR-selective agonist
56
Clonidine
α2AR-selective agonist
57
Dobutamine
β1AR-selective agonist
58
Salbutamol
Short-acting β2AR-selective agonist
59
Terbutaline
Short-acting β2AR-selective agonist
60
Salmeterol
Long-acting β2AR-selective agonist
61
Formerol
Long-acting β2AR-selective agonist
62
Indacaterol
Long-acting β2AR-selective agonist
63
Mirabegron
β3AR-selective agonist
64
Phentolamine
αAR-selective antagonist
65
Phenoxybenzamine
αAR-selective antagonist
66
Prazosin
α1AR-selective and competative antagonist
67
Idazoxan
α2AR-selective antagonist
68
Tamsulosin
α1AAR-selective antagonist
69
Yohimbine
α2AR-selective antagonist
70
Propranolol
Non-selective βAR antagonist
71
Atenolol
β1AR-selective antagonist
72
Bisoprolol
β1AR-selective antagonist
73
Carvedilol
Mixed α1/βAR-selective antagonist that exhibits G-protein signalling bias
74
Nebivolol
3rd generation β1AR-selective antagonist that also stimulates NO(g) release
75
Caffeine
Competative antagonist of the A1 adenosine receptors
76
Regadenoson
A2A-selective adenosine receptor agonist
77
Tetracaine
Use-dependant neuronal-selective Na+ channel blocker
78
Benzocaine
Use-dependant neuronal-selective Na+ channel blocker
79
RAC-421
Synthetic neuronal-selective Na+ channel blocker
80
QX-314
Synthetic use-dependant Na+ channel blocker
81
Nifedapine
Dihydropyridine smooth muscle-selective Ca2+ channel blocker
82
Amlodipine
Dihydropyridine smooth muscle-selective Ca2+ channel blocker
83
Felodipine
Dihydropyridine smooth muscle-selective Ca2+ channel blocker
84
Verapamil
Phenylalkylamine cardiac muscle-selective Ca2+ channel blocker
85
Diltiazem
Benzothiazepine type Ca2+ channel blocker
86
Tetrodotoxin
Highly-selective, reversible blocker to neuronal Na+ channels
87
Saxitoxin
Highly-selective, reversible blocker to neuronal Na+ channels
88
Batrachotoxin
Neurotoxin that lowers the threshold for opening and inhibits inactivation of Na+ channels
89
α-scorpiotoxin
Neurotoxin that binds with voltage-dependance and inhibits activation of Na+ channels
90
Quinidine
Class IA antidysrhythmic that acts as a use-dependant sodium channel blocker
91
Procainamide
Class IA antidysrhythmic that acts as a use-dependant sodium channel blocker
92
Disopyramide
Class IA antidysrhythmic that acts as a use-dependant sodium channel blocker
93
Lidocaine
Class IB antidysrhythmic that acts as a use-dependant sodium channel blocker
94
Mexilitine
Class IB antidysrhythmic that acts as a use-dependant sodium channel blocker
95
Flecainide
Class IC antidysrhythmic that acts as a use-dependant sodium channel blocker
96
Propafenone
Class IC antidysrhythmic that acts as a use-dependant sodium channel blocker
97
Amiodarone
Class III antidysrhythmic that acts as an action potential prolonging agent
98
Sotalol
Class III antidysrhythmic that acts as an action potential prolonging agent
99
Digoxin
- Cardiac glycoside that inhibits the Na+/K+ATPase
- Also increases vagal activity through actions in the CNS
100
Ouabain
Cardiac glycoside that inhibits the Na+/K+ATPase
101
Phenothiazine
PDE1 inhibitor
102
Milrinone
PDE3 inhibitor
103
Rolipram
PDE4 inhibitor
104
Sildenafil
PDE5 inhibitor
105
Dipyridamole
PDE5 inhibitor
106
Caffiene
Methylxanthine drug that acts as a non-selective PDE inhibitor and an A1/A2 adenosine receptor antagonist
107
Theophylline
Methylxanthine drug that acts as a non-selective PDE inhibitor and an A1/A2 adenosine receptor antagonist
108
Prednisolone
Glucocorticoid receptor agonist
109
Mifepristone
Glucocorticoid receptor antagonist
110
Spironolactone
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
111
Fludrocortisone
Mineralocorticoid receptor agonist
112
Ethinylestradiol
Oestrogen receptor agonist
113
Tamoxifen
Oestrogen receptor antagonist
114
Norethisterone
Progestagen receptor agonist
115
Danazol
Progestagen receptor antagonist
116
Streptokinase
Tissue plasminogen activator that promotes the generation of plasmin
117
Alteplase
Recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator that leads to activation of plasmin
118
Aspirin
COX1 inhibitor that prevents the formation of thromboxane A2 and hence inhibits platelet aggregation
119
Clopidogrel
Irreversible, competative P2Y12 receptor antagonist (pro-drug)
120
Prasugrel
Irreversible, competative P2Y12 receptor antagonist (pro-drug)
121
Ticagrelor
Irreversible, competative P2Y12 receptor antagonist
122
Eptifibatide
Cyclic heptapeptide antagonist of gpIIb/IIIa
123
Tirofiban
Non-peptide antagonist of gpIIb/IIIa receptor
124
Abciximab
Monoclonal antibody against gpIIb/IIIa that also binds to the vitronectin receptor to prevent platelet aggregation
125
Heparin
Indirect thrombin inhibitor that binds to and activates anti-thrombin
126
Dalteparin
Low molecular weight heparin that acts as an indirect thrombin inhibitor by binding to and activating anti-thrombin
127
Tinzaparin
Low molecular weight heparin that acts as an indirect thrombin inhibitor by binding to and activating anti-thrombin
128
Warafin
Vitamin K antagonist that inhibits VKORC1 and the formation of factors II, VII, IX and X
129
Dabigatran
Direct thrombin inhibitor
130
Rivaroxaban
Direct oral anticoagulant that acts as a factor Xa inhibitor
131
Apixaban
Direct oral anticoagulant that acts as a factor Xa inhibitor
132
Edoxaban
Direct oral anticoagulant that acts as a factor Xa inhibitor
133
Fondaparinux
Indirect inhibitor of factor Xa
134
Argatroban
Synthetic direct thrombin inhibitor
135
Bivalirudin
Hirudin analogue that acts as a thrombin inhibitor
136
Danaparoid
Indirect inactivator of factor Xa
Direct inhibitor of factor IX activation
137
Tranexamic acid
Competative inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator
138
Furosemide
Loop diuretic that blocks NKCC2 in the apical membrane of cells in the TAL
139
Bumetanide
Loop diuretic that blocks NKCC2 in the apical membrane of cells in the TAL
140
Probenecid
Competative ligand for the uric acid transporter that inhibits its reabsorption
141
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretic that blocks NCC on the apical membrane of the cells of the TAL/DCT
142
Bendroflumethiazide
Thiazide diuretic that blocks NCC on the apical membrane of the cells of the TAL/DCT
143
Amiloride
K+ sparring diuretic that blocks the ENaC channel on the apical membrane of cells in the late DCT
144
Triamterene
K+ sparring diuretic that blocks the ENaC channel on the apical membrane of cells in the late DCT
145
Spironolactone
K+ sparring diuretic that acts as an antagonists of the mineralocorticoid receptor in the cells of the late DCT
146
Acetozolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that acts as a weak diuretic
147
Mannitol
Osmotic diuretic
148
Ramipril
ACE-Inhibitor
149
Captopril
ACE-Inhibitor
150
Enalapril
ACE-Inhibitor
151
Lisinopril
ACE-Inhibitor
152
Perindopril
ACE-Inhibitor
153
Saralasin
Partial agonist of the angiotensin receptor
154
Losartan
Angiotensin receptor blocker
155
Valsartan
Angiotensin receptor blocker
156
Candesartan
Angiotensin receptor blocker
157
Desmopressin
AVP/ADH analogue and agonst of the AVPR2 receptor
158
Aliskiren
Direct renin inhibitor
159
Doxazocin
α1AR antagonist
160
Labetalol
α1, β1 and β2 antagonist that is β-selective
161
Minoxidil
KATP channel activator that causes relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
162
Nicorandil
KATP channel activator that also acts as an NO(g) donor to trigger relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
163
Diazoxide
KATP channel activator
164
Simvastatin
Short-acting HMG-CoA Inhibitor
165
Lovastatin
Short-acting HMG-CoA Inhibitor
166
Pravastatin
Short-acting HMG-CoA Inhibitor
167
Atorvostatin
Long-acting HMG-CoA Inhibitor
168
Rosuvastatin
Long-acting HMG-CoA Inhibitor
169
Alirocumab
PCSK9 Inhibitor
170
Evolocumab
PCSK9 Inhibitor
171
Bezafibrate
PPARα activator that increases transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism
172
Ezetimibe
NPC1L1 transport protein blocker that inhibits intestinal absorption of cholesterol in brush border of enterocytes
173
Colestyramine
Anion exchange resin that inhibits bile acid uptake by the liver that leads to an upregulation of LDL-R surface expression
174
Niacin/nicotinic acid
Pro-drug that is converted to nicotinamide which inhibits hepatic VLDL secretion causing a secrease in LDL
175
Glyceryl Trinitrate/Nitroglycerine/GTN
Short-acting nitrate derivative that activates guanylyl cyclase
176
Isosorbide mononitrate
Long-acting nitrate derivative that activates guanylyl cyclase
177
Ivabradine
HCN (If current) blocker
178
Ranolazine
Inhibitor of the late phase Na+ currents
179
Adenosine
Agonist of the A1 receptors which trigger hyperpolarisation of pacemaker and conductive cells
180
Benserazide
Peripheral DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitor
181
Ether
- Inhalational general anaesthetic
- Prevents cellular depolarisation
182
Etomidate
- Intravenous general anaesthetic
- Acts on β3 (or β2) subunit of the GABAA receptor resulting in Cl- influx and hyperpolarisation of the postsynaptic membrane
183
Halothane
- Inhalational general anaesthetic
- Activates the TASK3 member of the two-pore domain potassium channel (K2P) family leading to hyperpolarisation and reduced neuronal activity
- Also acts on the α and β subunits of the GABAA receptor to cause Cl- influx and hyperpolarisation
184
Nitrous Oxide, NO(g)
- Inhalational general anaesthetic that activates the TASK3 member of the two-pore domain potassium channel (K2P) family leading to hyperpolarisation and reduced neuronal activity
- May also inhibit the excitatory NMDA receptors
185
Propofol
- Intravenous general anaesthetic
- Acts on β3 (or β2) subunit of the GABAA receptor resulting in Cl- influx and hyperpolarisation of the postsynaptic membrane
- Acts on β3 (or β2) subunit of the GABAA receptor resulting in Cl- influx and hyperpolarisation of the postsynaptic membrane
186
Thiopental (thiopentone)
- Intravenous general anaesthetic
- Short acting barbiturate (positive allosteric modulator)
- Acts on β3 (or β2) subunit of the GABAA receptor resulting in Cl- influx and hyperpolarisation of the postsynaptic membrane
187
Isoflurane
- Inhalational general anaesthetic
- Activates the TASK3 member of the two-pore domain potassium channel (K2P) family leading to hyperpolarisation and reduced neuronal activity
- Also acts on the α and β subunits of the GABAA receptor to cause Cl- influx and hyperpolarisation
188
Xenon
- Inhalational anaesthetic
- May inhibit the excitatory NMDA receptors, which are activated by glutamate
189
Fosfomycin
- Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor
- Structural analogue of PEP that competitively inhibits pyruvyl transferase to prevent synthesis of NAM
190
Cycloserine
- Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor
- Structural analogue of D-Alanine that competitively inhibits the enzymes responsible for D-Alanine biosynthesis and addition to the peptide crossbridge
191
Bacitracin
- Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor
- Binds to bactoprenol-pyrophosphate in the extracellular leaflet and prevents its hydrolysis and return to the cytosolic leaflet
192
Penicillin
- Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor
- β-lactam mimics the peptide bond in the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus
- Binds to transpeptidase and prevents it from acting on its target in peptidoglycan synthesis
193
Vancomycin
- Bacterial cells wall synthesis inhibitor
- Forms hydrogen bonds with the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus
- This causes steric hindrance of transglycosylation
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
194
Tetracycline
- Broad spectrum tetracycline-class of bacteriostatic antibiotic
- Reversibly binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit
- Inhibits the entry of aminoacyl-tRNA into the acceptor site (A-site) on the 70S ribosome
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
195
Doxycycline
- Broad spectrum tetracycline-class of bacteriostatic antibiotic
- Reversibly binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit
- Inhibits the entry of aminoacyl-tRNA into the acceptor site (A-site) on the 70S ribosome
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
196
Streptomycin
- Narrow spectrum aminoglycoside bactericidal antibiotic
- Binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and freeze the 30S pre-initiation complex so that no further initiation can occur
- Also slows down protein synthesis that has already been initiated and induce misreading of the mRNA
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
197
Gentamycin
- Narrow spectrum aminoglycoside bactericidal antibiotic
- Binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and freeze the 30S pre-initiation complex so that no further initiation can occur.
- Also slows down protein synthesis that has already been initiated and induce misreading of the mRNA
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
198
Neomycin
- Narrow spectrum aminoglycoside bactericidal antibiotic
- Binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and freeze the 30S pre-initiation complex so that no further initiation can occur
- Also slows down protein synthesis that has already been initiated and induce misreading of the mRNA
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
199
Erythromycin
- Narrow spectrum bacteriostatic macrolide antibiotic
- Binds to the entrance of the polypeptide exit tunnel in 50S subunit
- Specifically, binds to the 23S rRNA component via hydrogen bonds with nitrogenous bases
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
200
Clarithromycin
- Extended spectrum bacteriostatic macrolide antibiotic
- Binds to the entrance of the polypeptide exit tunnel in 50S subunit
- Specifically, binds to the 23S rRNA component via hydrogen bonds with nitrogenous bases
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
201
Azithromycin
- Extended spectrum bacteriostatic macrolideantibiotic
- Binds to the entrance of the polypeptide exit tunnel in 50S subunit
- Specifically, binds to the 23S rRNA component via hydrogen bonds with nitrogenous bases
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
202
Chloramphenicol
- Broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic
- Binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and binds near aminoacyl-tRNA binding site (A site)
- Prevents peptidyl transferase activity
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
203
Fusidic Acid
- Narrow spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic
- Binds to elongation factor G (EF-G) and inhibits its GTPase activity, preventing peptide translocation
- Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
