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CNS Practice Test Questions > 100 Question Deck > Flashcards

100 Question Deck Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Which protein is responsible for transporting the majority of 25-hydroxy D in the blood?

A

Vitamin D-binding protein

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2
Q

How do you acurately describe the catabolism of tyrosine for energy production?

A

An iron-dependent enzyme catalyzes the reaction, with vitamin C serving as a prefered reductant for iron.

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3
Q

Fasting would likely relieve which type of diarrhea?

A

Osmotic diarrhea

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4
Q

Which of the following nutrients is NOT required for specific enzymatic reactions within the kyurenine pathway?
* Vitamin B6
* Iron
* Folate
* Vitamin B2

A

Folate

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5
Q

Besides vitamin A, what nutrients are essential for the synthesis of retinol-binding protein?

A

Zinc and protein

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6
Q

Folate hydrolase, an enzyme required to digest folate from food, is dependent on what?

A

Zinc

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7
Q

What gives brown adipose tissue its color?

A

Iron

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8
Q

For those with thalassemia who are not receiving transfusions, emphasis should be places on foods containing adequate amounts of what?

A

Selenium, zinc and vitamin A

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9
Q

Which of the following is NOT a common food that may increase gas production?
* Pears
* Whole wheat bread
* Sourdough bread
* Asparagus

A

Sourdough bread

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10
Q

What is the condition of metabolic stability with adjustments for environmental influences and stresses through physiological changes?

A

Allostasis

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11
Q

What is another term for hypertension that results from another disease, usually endocrine in nature?

A

Secondary hypertension

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12
Q

What is an example of water insoluble fiber-rich food?

A

Bran

Insoluble fibers include cellulose, lignin and some hemicelluloses. And

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13
Q

What is the direct effect of cigarette smoking on GERD?

A

Prolonged acid clearance

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14
Q

What are some sources of gluconeogenesis?

A

Glycerol, certain amino acids and lactate

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15
Q

What are the key principles of motivational interviewing?

A

PACE. Partnership, acceptance, compassion and evocation.

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of acute iron overload?
* Coma
* Hemorrhaging
* Liver failure
* Alkalosis

A

Alkalosis

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT a component of glutathione?
* Cysteine
* Glutamate
* Glycine
* Serine

A

Serine

Glutathione is made of glycine, cysteine, and glutamate

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18
Q

Bile is involved in the digestion of which of the following?

A

Fats

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19
Q

Which of the following is NOT true regarding acid-base regulation?
* Proteins and phosphates are the primaru intracellular buffers
* The kidneys regulate H+ secretion and bicarbonate resorption
* The kidneys are the fastest responding mechanism to maintain acid-base balance
* The bicarbonate and carbonic acid system is the primary extracellular buffer

A

The kidneys are the fastest responding mechanism to maintain acid-base balance

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20
Q

Which population typically exhibits better cutaneous production of vitamin D?

A

Individuals with fair skin

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21
Q

The total number of calories in a food that contains 30g of carbs, 20g of protein and 12g of fat is?

A

308g

(30x4)+(20x4)+(12x9)=3

carbs = 4kcal/g
fats = 9kcal/g
protein = 4kcal/g

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22
Q

How many FADH2 molecules are produced from the complete beta oxidation of one 16-carbon palmitic acid molecule?

A

Seven

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23
Q

What are the islets of Langerhans?

A

The region of the pancreas that contains endocrine cells

The alpha cells secrete glucagon, the beta cells secrete insulin and the

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24
Q

What is the energy available from 1g of protein?

A

4kcal

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25
In the context of HIPAA, a medical transcriptionist providing transcription services to a healthcare provider is an example of?
A business associate
26
Which of the following is NOT a common risk factor for developing Graves' disease? * Smoking * Male gender * Stress * Infections
Male gender
27
Very high triglycerides increase the risk for what?
Pancreatitis
28
In Addison's disease, individuals experience low levels of which hormones?
Cortisol and aldosterone
29
Cadmium, when present in high levels in the body, can be toxic and especially harmful to what?
Kidneys
30
What is sucrose composed of?
One glucose and one fructose
31
What is the RDA for total fat during pregnancy?
There is no RDA for pregnancy
32
What does HIPAA stand for?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
33
Anticonvulsants may decrease the levels of all of the following nutrients except? * Niacin * Biotin * Folate * Vitamin D
Niacin
34
In which phase of liver detoxification does sulfation take place?
Phase II
35
What does an odds ratio less than 1 indicate?
The exposure decreases the odds of the event occuring
36
What is the primary site for the biosynthesis of niacin from tryptophan?
Liver
37
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is managed with strict limitations on which foods?
Natural protein containing foods
38
Which of the following is NOT considered a low FODMAP food? * Pumpkin seeds * Dark chocolate * Rye bread * Quinoa
Rye bread
39
Sports anemia is characterized by which of the following?
A reduction in hemoglobin levels during the early stages of aerobic training
40
Which of the following is NOT a medication that promotes hypomagnesemia? * Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors * Loop diuretics * Proton pump inhibitors * Some chemotherapy drugs
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
41
Markers of immune destruction of the beta cells can include autoantibodies to all of the following except? * Smooth muscle autoantibodies * Insulin autoantibodies * Islet cell autoantibodies * Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies
Smooth muscle autoantibodies
42
Which proteolytic enzyme digests collagen?
Pepsin
43
All of the following may be an effective supplement for SIBO except? * Goldenseal * Berberine * Turmeric * Oil of oregano
Turmeric
44
An estimated glomerular filtration rate less than ____ becomes a major risk factor for CVD.
Less than 60mL/min
45
When does CKD progress to end stage renal disease?
When estimated glomerular filtration rate falls below 15
46
Which of the following herbal supplements has the most drug nutrient interactions? * Milk Thistle * Turmeric * Echinacea * St Johns Wort
St Johns Wort
47
Which B vitamin is recognized for its role as an antioxidant due to its involvement in the regeneration of glutathione?
Riboflavin
48
What can help decelerate the progression of sarcopenia?
Incorporating weight bearing exercises
49
Which of the following areas is NOT considered a Blue Zone? * Oslo, Norway * Ikaria, Greece * Sardinia, Italy * Loma Linda, California
Oslo, Norway
50
What is the number of carbons in stearic acid?
18
51
What is the conversion factor for 1microgram of dietary folate equivalents from non fortified folate foods?
1
52
While the liver primarily catabolizes most amino acids, ____ are predominantly catabolized by skeletal muscle.
Branched chain amino acids
53
What is the tolerable upper limits of daily vitamin E intake for adults?
1,000mg
54
What is the number of carbons in oleic acid?
18
55
Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse effect of ingesting large doses of choline? * Vomiting * Excessive sweating * Joint pain * Fishy body odor
Joint pain
56
What do endocrine cells in the mucosa layer of the GI tact secrete into the blood?
Hormones
57
What are direct metabolites formed in the eicosanoid cascade called?
Prostaglandins
58
Newborns undergoing phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia are at risk for which vitamin deficiency?
Riboflavin
59
The keto diet has emerged as an evidence based diet for many conditions. Which has mixed evidence for its use?
To reduce lipid profiles
60
What health claim does the FDA allow for beta glucans?
Reducing serum LDL cholesterol | They are highly soluble in water, easily fermented by colonic bacteria,
61
62
Which of the following is NOT a common nutrient recommendation for tropical sprue? * Vitamin B12 * Folate * Electrolytes * Pantothenic acid | Impairs nutrients being absorbed from the intestines
Pantothenic acid
63
What does heterogeneity refer to in the context of a meta analysis?
Variability in the treatment effects being evaluated
64
Minerals that gain electrons and become negatively charged are called what?
Anions
65
What is the primary function of phospholipids in cell membranes?
To form the stuctural basis

CNS Practice Test Questions (3 decks)

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