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CABS - MSK > 1000ft view muscles > Flashcards

1000ft view muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what percentage of body weight does muscle make up

A

40%

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2
Q

what percentage of muscle is water

A

75%

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3
Q

what percentage of muscle is protein

A

20%

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4
Q

what is the fascia

A

connective tissue that encases the muscles individually - helps prevent excessive straining or sudden changes in the speed/position

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5
Q

what layer is the perimysium

A

subdivied into muscle further into fascicles

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6
Q

what layer is the epimysium

A

the outer most layer

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7
Q

what is the muscle belly separated into

A

fascilcles

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8
Q

what surrounds the fascicles

A

perimysium

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9
Q

what is the fascicle made up of

A

muscle fibers

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10
Q

what are fibers made of

A

myofibrils

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11
Q

what are myofibrils composed of

A

thick and thin filaments

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12
Q

what does the perimysium cover

A

fascicles

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13
Q

what do muscle fibers make up

A

the fascicle

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14
Q

what do myofibrils make

A

muscle fibers

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15
Q

what do thick and thin filaments make up

A

myofibrils

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16
Q

what does a singular muscle cell contain

A

multiple myofibrils which are the contracture unit

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17
Q

what is the contractile unit of the muscle

A

multiple myofibrils

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18
Q

what surrounds the muscle fiber

A

sarcolema

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19
Q

what allows for propagation of electrical stimulation through muscles

A

the sarcolema

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20
Q

what does the sarcolema surround

A

muscle fiber

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21
Q

what does the sarcolemma allow for

A

propagation of electrical stimulation through muscles

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22
Q

what type of electrical stimulation do muscles have

A

rapid, simultaneous contraction

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23
Q

what are the different types of muscle fibers

A

fast-twitch fibers (white) and slow-twitch fibers (red)

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24
Q

what are fast-twitch fibers

A

(white)
have large, fast conducting, nerve innervating them

Type 2 fibers and may utilize anaerobic metabolism briefly

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25
Q

what are type 1 fibers

A

slow switch fibers (RED)
slower but will continue to contract for longer period of time - aerobic metabolism

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26
Q

what does the sarcolemma assist with other than electrical conduction

A

nutritional transport, protein synthesis
Na+/K+ pumps

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27
Q

what do T-tubules do

A

allow for simultaneous spread of electrical stimulation

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28
Q

what type of muscles are T-tubules found in

A

in cardiac and skeletal muscles

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29
Q

where do mitochondria lay

A

within the sarcoplasm and form ATP

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30
Q

where are the mitochondria most numerous

A

the cardiac muscles - as they need more ATP

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31
Q

what does the sarcoplasmic reticulum help with

A

calcium transportation

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32
Q

how is calcium transported

A

via sarcoplasmic reticulum

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33
Q

what electrolyte is required for contraction of the sarcomere

A

calcium

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34
Q

what is calcium needed for

A

the contraction of the sarcomere

35
Q

What branch of the spinal cord allows for vonuntary control to the skeletal muscles

A

anterior horn

36
Q

what does the number of muscle fibers being innervated by each nerve brach determine

A

the rate of muscular fatigue and fine motor movements

37
Q

what determines the rate of muscular fatigue and fine motor movements

A

the number of muscle fibers being innervated by each nerve branch

38
Q

what do sarcomeres contain

A

actin and myosin

39
Q

what is the functional, contractile protein of the muscle fibers

A

myofibrils

40
Q

what runs parallel to the myofibril

A

sarcomere

41
Q

what separates the sarcomeres

A

Z disc/Zline

42
Q

what is within the A band

A

thick myosin filaments

43
Q

what is within the I band

A

thin actin filaments

44
Q

what protein helps to have the muscle spring back from contraction

A

Titin

45
Q

where is titin located

A

Z line

46
Q

what makes up the thick filament

A

myosin and myosin head

47
Q

what band do myosin create

A

A band

48
Q

what does myosin utilizing ATP cause

A

contraction and develops tension

49
Q

What makes up the thin filament

A

actin
tropomyosin
Troponin

50
Q

what do actin create

A

the I band

51
Q

what does actin interact with

A

myosin heads

52
Q

what is the regulatory protein that helps with actin-myosin activation

A

troponin and tropomyosin

53
Q

what does tropomyosin help wiht

A

structural support and maintains the filament length as well as helps with actin-myosin activation

54
Q

what does tropomyosin bind to

A

troponin to form complex

55
Q

where does calcium bind

A

troponin

56
Q

what happens when calcium binds to troponin

A

transform the protein complex and open the binding site

57
Q

what causes the binding sites to open on actin

A

the binding of calcium to troponin

58
Q

what is the M band

A

creatinine kinase

59
Q

what band does creatinine kinase make

A

M band

60
Q

what are the steps in contraction

A

excitation
coupling
contraction
relaxation

61
Q

what is the resting cellular charge

A

-90mV

62
Q

what maintains the resting cellular charge

A

sarcolemma

63
Q

what happens when an action potential reaches the sarcolemmal membrane

A

trigger action potential will release caclium

64
Q

what happens during the coupling stage

A

calcium goes to the myofilament
the troponin and tropmyosin release actin

65
Q

what happens during the contraction stage

A

with the release of the troponin, the actin will slide toward the thick filament, the myosin head attaches to the actin forming a cross bridge and ATP is released during this bridging

66
Q

what is cross bridging

A

when the myosin head attaches to actin

67
Q

what is released during cross bridging

A

ATP

68
Q

what happens during the relaxation stage

A

calcium is reabsorbed within the sarcoplasmic reticulum
the actin is re-bound
release of the bridge
and relaxation

69
Q

where is ACH released from

A

the terminal end at the NMJ

70
Q

what hand shortens with muscle contraction

A

H band

71
Q

when ACH stops stimulating the NMJ what happens

A

Ca+ pumped back into the sarcolemma
tropomyosin will reform the complex that blocks the ability for actin to bind to myosin and the contraction stops

72
Q

what are the different types of muscle contraction

A

reflexive
tonic
phasic

73
Q

what attachment site is immobile during contraction

A

origin

74
Q

what attachment site moves during contaction

A

insertion

75
Q

what is the stretch response

A

activated by spindles which are mechanoreceptors that relay the muscle length, tension and velocity of movemement to ensure appropriate muscle tone

76
Q

what are different types of muscle tissue

A

cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle

77
Q

how do you describe skeletal muscle

A

voluntary, striated muscle with several nuclei

78
Q

what creates the striations

A

sarcomeres

79
Q

how do you describe cardiac muscle

A

striated
involuntary
one nucleus per cell
arrange in branching networks
contains more mitochorndria than skeletal

80
Q

how do you describe smooth muscles

A

non-striated
involuntary
uninucleated fusiform cell
more elastic
spread of depolarization allows for a spiral corkscrew pattern

81
Q

what are the different types of smooth muscles

A

unitary: visceral smooth muscle
and multiunit

82
Q

what types of smooth muscles are unitary

A

GI and GU tract
controlled by autonomic NS
electrically coupled to each other to create a rhythmic contraction

83
Q

what types of smooth muscles are multiunit

A

pupils for dilatation/constriction, bronchial smooth muscle, tunica media and erector pili

CABS - MSK (12 decks)

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