Skull Pathophysiology Flashcards
(58 cards)
1
Q
What are the major skull cavities
A
cranial
orbit
ethmoid sinus
nasal cavity
maxillary sinus
oral cavity (buccal cavity)
2
Q
what are the lobes in the brain
A
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
cerebellum
3
Q
what are the different cranial fossas
A
anterior
middle
posterior
4
Q
What is crainial nerve 1
A
olfactory
5
Q
what cranial nerve is olfactory
A
1
6
Q
what is CN2
A
optic
7
Q
what is the optic CN
A
CN2
8
Q
What is CN3
A
oculomotor
9
Q
what is oculormotor CN
A
CN3
10
Q
what is CN4
A
Trochelear
11
Q
what is the trochlear CN
A
CN4
12
Q
what is CN5
A
trigeminal
13
Q
what is the trigeminal CN
A
CN5
14
Q
what is CN6
A
abducens
15
Q
what is the abducens CN
A
CN6
16
Q
what is CN7
A
facial
17
Q
what is the facial CN
A
CN7
18
Q
What is CN8
A
vestibulocochlear
19
Q
What is vestibulocochlear CN
A
CN8
20
Q
What is CN9
A
Glossopharangeal
21
Q
What is the glossopharangeal CN
A
CN9
22
Q
What is CN10
A
vagus
23
Q
what is the Vagus CN
A
CN10
24
Q
What is the CN11
A
accessory
25
What is the accessory CN
CN11
26
what is CN12
Hypoglossal
27
what is the hypoglossal CN
CN11
28
how many CN are there
1-12
29
What are scull fractures usually associated with
Falls, assaults, MVC and penetrating missiles
30
what is the typical scull fracture presentation
hematoma
depression or palpable step off
neurologic findings
periorbital or retroauricular bruising
hemotympanum
31
What are linear skull fractures
fracture that goes through the entire calvarium
32
what is the most common location of linear skull fracutres
temporal, frontal or occipital regions
33
What is a depressed skull fractures
section of the skull is pushed inward by significant external force
34
what are depressed skull fractures usually associated with
ICH (intracerebral/cranial hemorrhage) or parenchymal injury
35
what are the risks of depressed skull fractures
risk of seizures
infection
high morbidity and mortality
can allow for opening through the dura matter which allows for portal of entry for CNS infection
36
What type of fracture is a depressed skull fractures
often open fractures
37
what is a basilar skull fracture
base of the skull often causes Cranial nerve injury
38
What is a anterior basilar skull fracture presentation
raccoon eyes, evidence of CSF leak, change in vision/smell, change in EOM (vestibular)
39
what is a middle basilar skull fracture presentation
loss of hearing/balance, carotid artery injury, battle sign
40
what is battle sign
bruising behind the ears
41
what is the presentation of posterior basilar skull fracture
vertebral artery injury, C-spine injury
42
What two arteries supply the brain?
internal carotid artery (ICA)
vertebrobasilar system
Circle of willis
43
what is the presentation of basilar skull fractures
N/V
brainstem proximity and surrounding swelling
CN injuries:
oculomotor deficiencies with CN 3, 4,6
hearing loss with CN8
Facial palsies with CN7
44
What is the halo test
when CNS fluid is present in blood - usually from nose
45
what are the types of orbital fractures
orbital zygomatic fracture
fracture of nasoethmoid bone
floor fracture and roof fracture
46
What is the most common orbital fracture
zygomatic fracture
47
what can a nasoethmoid bone on the medial aspect lead to
can lead to entrapment of the medial canthal ligament, lacrimal duct or medial rectus
48
what can orbital floor fractures lead to
inferior rectus muscle may become entrapped in the fracture segment and cause decreased EROM
infraorbital nerve can become entrapped
49
what population of orbital roof fractures most common in
children
50
what is there a concern for with orbital roof fractures
intracranial injury
51
What is a zygomatic fracture
cheek bone fracture
cosmetically disruptive
52
what type of nerve injury are we worried about with zygomatic fractures
infraorbital nerve and zygomaticotemporal nerve and facial nerve palsy
53
what evaluation is necessary with an zygomatic fractures
prompt evaulation/consideration of orbital fracture
54
What are midface fractures called
le fort fractures
55
what is a fontanelles
another name for a soft spot that allows for brain growth that is occurring rapidly
56
what is craniosynostosis
premature closure of cranial suture
will prevent continued growth perpendicular to the suture line resulting in plagiocephaly
57
are craniosynostosis and positional plagiocephaly the same
no they are different
58
what is a complication of untreated oritis media
mastoiditis
