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CABS - MSK > Skull Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Skull Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major skull cavities

A

cranial
orbit
ethmoid sinus
nasal cavity
maxillary sinus
oral cavity (buccal cavity)

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2
Q

what are the lobes in the brain

A

frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
cerebellum

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3
Q

what are the different cranial fossas

A

anterior
middle
posterior

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4
Q

What is crainial nerve 1

A

olfactory

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5
Q

what cranial nerve is olfactory

A

1

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6
Q

what is CN2

A

optic

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7
Q

what is the optic CN

A

CN2

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8
Q

What is CN3

A

oculomotor

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9
Q

what is oculormotor CN

A

CN3

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10
Q

what is CN4

A

Trochelear

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11
Q

what is the trochlear CN

A

CN4

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12
Q

what is CN5

A

trigeminal

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13
Q

what is the trigeminal CN

A

CN5

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14
Q

what is CN6

A

abducens

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15
Q

what is the abducens CN

A

CN6

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16
Q

what is CN7

A

facial

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17
Q

what is the facial CN

A

CN7

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18
Q

What is CN8

A

vestibulocochlear

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19
Q

What is vestibulocochlear CN

A

CN8

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20
Q

What is CN9

A

Glossopharangeal

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21
Q

What is the glossopharangeal CN

A

CN9

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22
Q

What is CN10

A

vagus

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23
Q

what is the Vagus CN

A

CN10

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24
Q

What is the CN11

A

accessory

25
Q

What is the accessory CN

A

CN11

26
Q

what is CN12

A

Hypoglossal

27
Q

what is the hypoglossal CN

A

CN11

28
Q

how many CN are there

A

1-12

29
Q

What are scull fractures usually associated with

A

Falls, assaults, MVC and penetrating missiles

30
Q

what is the typical scull fracture presentation

A

hematoma
depression or palpable step off
neurologic findings
periorbital or retroauricular bruising
hemotympanum

31
Q

What are linear skull fractures

A

fracture that goes through the entire calvarium

32
Q

what is the most common location of linear skull fracutres

A

temporal, frontal or occipital regions

33
Q

What is a depressed skull fractures

A

section of the skull is pushed inward by significant external force

34
Q

what are depressed skull fractures usually associated with

A

ICH (intracerebral/cranial hemorrhage) or parenchymal injury

35
Q

what are the risks of depressed skull fractures

A

risk of seizures
infection
high morbidity and mortality
can allow for opening through the dura matter which allows for portal of entry for CNS infection

36
Q

What type of fracture is a depressed skull fractures

A

often open fractures

37
Q

what is a basilar skull fracture

A

base of the skull often causes Cranial nerve injury

38
Q

What is a anterior basilar skull fracture presentation

A

raccoon eyes, evidence of CSF leak, change in vision/smell, change in EOM (vestibular)

39
Q

what is a middle basilar skull fracture presentation

A

loss of hearing/balance, carotid artery injury, battle sign

40
Q

what is battle sign

A

bruising behind the ears

41
Q

what is the presentation of posterior basilar skull fracture

A

vertebral artery injury, C-spine injury

42
Q

What two arteries supply the brain?

A

internal carotid artery (ICA)
vertebrobasilar system

Circle of willis

43
Q

what is the presentation of basilar skull fractures

A

N/V
brainstem proximity and surrounding swelling
CN injuries:
oculomotor deficiencies with CN 3, 4,6
hearing loss with CN8
Facial palsies with CN7

44
Q

What is the halo test

A

when CNS fluid is present in blood - usually from nose

45
Q

what are the types of orbital fractures

A

orbital zygomatic fracture
fracture of nasoethmoid bone
floor fracture and roof fracture

46
Q

What is the most common orbital fracture

A

zygomatic fracture

47
Q

what can a nasoethmoid bone on the medial aspect lead to

A

can lead to entrapment of the medial canthal ligament, lacrimal duct or medial rectus

48
Q

what can orbital floor fractures lead to

A

inferior rectus muscle may become entrapped in the fracture segment and cause decreased EROM
infraorbital nerve can become entrapped

49
Q

what population of orbital roof fractures most common in

A

children

50
Q

what is there a concern for with orbital roof fractures

A

intracranial injury

51
Q

What is a zygomatic fracture

A

cheek bone fracture
cosmetically disruptive

52
Q

what type of nerve injury are we worried about with zygomatic fractures

A

infraorbital nerve and zygomaticotemporal nerve and facial nerve palsy

53
Q

what evaluation is necessary with an zygomatic fractures

A

prompt evaulation/consideration of orbital fracture

54
Q

What are midface fractures called

A

le fort fractures

55
Q

what is a fontanelles

A

another name for a soft spot that allows for brain growth that is occurring rapidly

56
Q

what is craniosynostosis

A

premature closure of cranial suture
will prevent continued growth perpendicular to the suture line resulting in plagiocephaly

57
Q

are craniosynostosis and positional plagiocephaly the same

A

no they are different

58
Q

what is a complication of untreated oritis media

A

mastoiditis

CABS - MSK (12 decks)

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