1000ft view part 2 Liver, gallbladder, exocrine pancreas

Question 1

What is the largest solid organ

Answer 1

Liver

Question 2

what are the 4 lobes of the liver

Answer 2

right and left (anterior)
cuadate and quadrate lobe (posterior)

Question 3

where does the hepatic artery, portal vein and left/right hepatic duct enter

Answer 3

porta hepatis

Question 4

What is the Glisson capsule

Answer 4

contains neurovascular supply - irritation to the capsule is what will cause pain

Question 5

what deperates R/L lobe

Answer 5

falciform ligament

Question 6

what is the round ligament

Answer 6

aka ligamentum teres
extends off of falciform ligament, remnant umbilical vein, attached to umbilicus

Question 7

what is the coronary ligament

Answer 7

comes off falciform to support superiorly to diaphragm

Question 8

how much blood is in the liver from the arterial system

Answer 8

400-500mL/min

Question 9

how much blood is in the liver from the venous blood

Answer 9

1000-1200mL/min

Question 10

what is the liver made up of

Answer 10

hepatocytes
-functional unit and can regenerate

Question 11

what is included in the portal triad

Answer 11

bile ductule
branch of portal vein
branch of hepatic artery

Question 12

what are sinusoids

Answer 12

capillaries between hepatocytes that receive both arterial and venous blood
-very permeable

Question 13

what do sinusoids train to

Answer 13

central vein to the hepatic vein to the IVC

Question 14

what are Kupfer cells

Answer 14

within the sinusoid
help with process of breaking down old RBCs

Question 15

how much bile is produced per day

Answer 15

700-1200mL/day by the liver

Question 16

what makes bile

Answer 16

hepatocytes

Question 17

what is the gallblader

Answer 17

smooth muscle - store and concentrates biles

Question 18

what is heme converted into

Answer 18

bilirubin - put into plasma

Question 19

what is unconjugated bilirubin

Answer 19

bound to albumin (lipid soluble)

Question 20

what conjugated bilirubin

Answer 20

unbound (water soluble) joins with acid
green/black color

Question 21

what changes insulin sensitivity

Answer 21

age, weight, amount of adipose tissue, activity level

Question 22

what does glucagon increase

Answer 22

cardiac contraction
renal blood flow
bile excretion

Question 23

what does the liver make

Answer 23

albumin

Question 24

what helps to maintain osmotic pressure

Answer 24

albumin

Question 25

what clotting factors does the liver make

Answer 25

I (fibrinogen)
II (thrombin)
Vitamin K dependent coagulation factors
helps create platelets (thrombopoetin)

Question 26

what break down clotting factors does the liver make

Answer 26

plasminogen, antithrombin

Question 27

what results from breakdown of proteins

Answer 27

ammonia

Question 28

what brings iron to needed area

Answer 28

tansferrin

Question 29

what is iron stored as in the liver

Answer 29

ferritin

Question 30

who do we check ammonia levels on

Answer 30

chronic alcholics

Question 31

what is the head of the pancreas attached to

Answer 31

duodenum

Question 32

what allows for the release of exocrine contents of the pancreas into the Gi tract

Answer 32

bile duct

Question 33

what does the head of the pancreas receive blood supply from

Answer 33

SMA

Question 34

what does the body/tail of the pancreas receive blood supply from

Answer 34

branches off of the splenic artery

Question 35

what are the uses of pancreatic juices

Answer 35

lipase breaks down fat
amylase breaks down carbohydrates
trypsin and chemotrypsin break down protein into amino acids

Question 36

what is the pH of the stomach

Answer 36

2

Question 37

what is the pH of duodenum

Answer 37

6

Question 38

what is the pH of the ileum

Answer 38

7.4