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CABS 3: GI > Small Intestines, Colon and Appendix A&P, Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Small Intestines, Colon and Appendix A&P, Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

what is visceral pain

A

autonomic innervation and stimulated by distention, contraction
-vague pain, dull
not sensing of cutting or more localized pain

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2
Q

what is somatic pain

A

from the parietal peritoneum, will have more localized discomfort
sharp pain, associated with infection, inflammation

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3
Q

what is inflammation of the peritoneal cavity

A

peritonitis - BAD
fluid within peritoneum from underlying process

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4
Q

what is diverticulosis

A

uninflamed diverticula - common cause of acute lower GI bleed (LGIB)

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5
Q

what is diverticulitis

A

inflammation of diverticulum
commonly associated with micro or gross performations

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6
Q

what is diverticular disease associated with

A

western diet
decreased fiber intake

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7
Q

what are complication with divertucula

A

hemorrhage
fistula
inflammation
abscess
perforation

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8
Q

what is Meckels Diverticulum

A

congenital diverticulum - occurs in utero
m/c at iliosecal valve
typically asymptomatic

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9
Q

what can cause vascular occlusion associated with ischemic bowel disease

A

atheroscoerosis
aortic aneurysm
clot

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10
Q

what is chronic, relapsing, immunologic disease that is hallmarked by GI upset, abdominal pain, weight loss, fatigue

A

inflammatory bowel disease

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11
Q

what is included in IBD

A

ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease

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12
Q

what is the gene associated with UC

A

HLA_B27

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13
Q

what is the inflammatory response with IBD

A

T-helper cells and cytokines
increase free radicals (alter DNA)
cellular damage and increased risk of colon cancer

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14
Q

where are defensins secreted

A

small bowels

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15
Q

how do you test of Ulcerative colitis

A

P-ANCA

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16
Q

what is localized chronic inflammatory disease

A

ulcerative colitis

17
Q

where does UC begin

A

rectum and spreads proximally thoguh colon
ulcers form wtihin mucosal lining of colon

18
Q

what is the most common location of crohns disease

A

ascending colon and ileum

19
Q

What are the genetic components with Crohns disease

A

CARD15 or NOD2 gene

20
Q

what is excessive dilation of the colon

A

toxic megacolon

21
Q

what is the result of toxic megacolon

A

> 6cm diameter colon
increased risk of preforation
leaky gut - translocation of bacteria

22
Q

where are bowel obstructions most common

A

small intestine

23
Q

what are the types of obstruction

A

mechanical vs pseudoobstruction

24
Q

what is a pseudo-obstruction

A

adynamic ileus

25
Q

what does bowel obstruction lead to

A

cessation of flow
build up of food stuffs, gas, secretion
distention
malabsorption
volume depletion
electrolyte abnormalities

26
Q

what is the number one cause of small bowel obstruction

A

adhesions

27
Q

what is a ileus

A

functional obstruction

28
Q

what are LBO associated wtih

A

fecal obstruction, tumor, sigmoid volvulus
can be associated with secondary edema/inflammation (diverticulitis, scaring)

29
Q

what is a volvulus

A

mal-rotation leading to obstruction

30
Q

where are volvulus most common

A

cecum or sigmoid

31
Q

What is normal transit constipation

A

difficulty with passage of the stool that is able to make it down the sigmoid
functional constipation
associated with low-fiber diet or low H20

32
Q

what is low transit constipation

A

decreased colonic motor activity
idiopathic or secondary cause (DM, autonomic dysfunction, MS, parkinson’s, meds, etc)

33
Q

what is pelvic floor dysfunction constipation

A

anal sphincter does not relax
pelvic flood unable to tighten appropriately
may be associated with hemorrhoids or other anal pathology

34
Q

where is the appendix attached

A

near ileocecal valve

35
Q

what is appendicitis most commonly associated with

A

obstruction
typically with fecolith

36
Q

what is a tear of the anoderm

A

anal fissure

37
Q

what are anal fissures associated with

A

trauma
constipation
diarrhea
vaginal delivery
crohn’s disease
infectious disease

38
Q

what seperates the anal canal in half

A

dentate line
separates vasculature and innervation

CABS 3: GI (7 decks)

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