Hernias

Question 1

when do hernias occure

Answer 1

when there is a weak point in a cavity wall, usually affecting the muscle or fascia

Question 2

presentation

Answer 2

soft lump protruding from abdo wall
lump may be reducible
lump produced by coughing or standing

Question 3

complications

Answer 3

incarceration- can not be reduced
obstruction- causes a blockage (vomiting)
strangulation- non-reducible and cutting off blood supply

Question 4

Richter’s hernia

Answer 4

only part of the bowel and lumen herniate through the defect

become strangulated- rapid ischaemia

Question 5

Maydl’s hernia

Answer 5

two different loops of bowel are contained within the hernia

Question 6

management options

Answer 6

conservative management 
tension-free repair (surgery)- mesh over the defect
tension repair (surgery)- suture the muscles and tissue on either side back together

Question 7

indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 7

bowel herniates through inguinal canal

pressure on the deep inguinal ring- hernia remains reduced

Question 8

direct inguinal hernia

Answer 8

due to weakness in the abdominal wall at hasselbach’s triangle

Question 9

femoral hernias

Answer 9

through femoral canal

occurs at the top of thigh

Question 10

incisional hernia

Answer 10

occurs at site of an incision

Question 11

umbilical hernia

Answer 11

occur around the umbilicus area

Question 12

epigastric hernia

Answer 12

epigastric area