Gastroenteritis Flashcards
1
Q
definition
A
inflammation of lining of stomach, small and large intestine
2
Q
pathophysiology
A
enteric pathogens cause diarrhoea
- stimulation of net fluid and electrolyte secretion
- increased propulsive muscle contractions
- mucosal destruction and increased permeability
- nutrient malabsorption
3
Q
investigations
A
stool microscopy stool culture- salmonella, shigella stool toxin- C Diff. Blood cultures- salmonella PCR- norovirus FBC- WCC U&Es- renal function AXR
4
Q
treatment
A
usually supportive- oral rehydration +IV fluids
5
Q
short incubation microorganisms
A
Staph aureus- Gram +ve coccus
Bacillus Cereus- Gram +ve bacillus
6
Q
medium incubation microorganisms
A
Salmonella
Listeria monocytogenes
7
Q
longer incubation
A
campylobacter
E.coli 0157
8
Q
HUS presentation
A
symptoms- Abdo pain, fever, pallor, bloody diarrhoea
signs- high white cells, low platelets, low HB, red cell fragment
9
Q
C.diff
A
healthcare associated diarrhoea antibiotics can allow C.diff to overgrow organisms produce toxin A (enterotoxin) and toxin B (cytotoxin) management- - non-severe: metronidazole - severe: vancomycin + metronidazole
10
Q
viral gastroenteritis
A
Rotavirus
Norovirus
