19: Drugs affecting the immune system Flashcards
1
Q
- Attenuated vaccines are also known as:
- Killed vaccines
- Booster vaccines
- Inactivated vaccines
- Live vaccines
A
- Inactivated vaccines
2
Q
- Live attenuated influenza vaccine (FluMist) may be administered to:
- All patients over 6 months of age
- Patients between ages 2 and 49 with no risk factors
- Patients with an upper respiratory infection (URI) or asthma
- Pregnant women
A
- All patients over 6 months of age
3
Q
- The reason that two MMR vaccines at least a month apart are recommended is:
- The second dose of MMR “boosts” the immunity built from the first dose.
- Two vaccines 1 month apart is the standard dosing for all live virus vaccines.
- If the two MMR vaccine doses are given too close together there is a greater likelihood of severe localized reaction to the vaccine.
- Only 95% of patients are fully immunized for measles after the first vaccine, with 99% having immunity after two doses of MMR.
A
- Only 95% of patients are fully immunized for measles after the first vaccine, with 99% having immunity after two doses of MMR.
4
Q
- The MMR vaccine is not recommended for pregnant women because:
- Pregnant women do not build adequate immunity to the vaccine.
- There is a risk of the pregnant women developing measles encephalopathy.
- There is a risk of the fetus developing congenital rubella syndrome.
- Pregnant women can receive the MMR vaccine.
A
- There is a risk of the fetus developing congenital rubella syndrome.
5
Q
- If the measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) combined vaccine is ordered to be given as the first MMR and varicella dose to a child the CDC recommends:
- Parents be informed of the increased risk of fever and febrile seizures over the MMR plus varicella two-shot regimen.
- Patients must also receive MMRV as the second dose of MMR and varicella in order to build adequate immunity.
- Patients be premedicated with acetaminophen 15 minutes before the vaccine is given.
- Patients should not be around pregnant women for the first 48 hours after the vaccine is given.
A
- Patients should not be around pregnant women for the first 48 hours after the vaccine is given.
6
Q
- The rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq, Rotarix):
- Is a live vaccine that replicates in the small intestine, providing active immunity against rotavirus
- Should not be administered to infants who are or may be potentially immunocompromised
- Is not given to an infant who has a febrile illness (temperature greater than 100.5oF)
- All of the above
A
- All of the above
7
Q
- Varicella vaccine is recommended to be given to patients who are:
- HIV positive with a CD4+ T-lymphocyte percentage less than 15%
- Taking corticosteroids (up to 2 mg/kg/day or less than 20 mg/day)
- Pregnant
- Immunocompromised
A
- Taking corticosteroids (up to 2 mg/kg/day or less than 20 mg/day)
8
Q
- Zoster vaccine (Zostavax) is:
- A live varicella zoster vaccine from the same strain used to develop the varicella vaccine
- Effective in preventing varicella zoster in patients of all ages
- Recommended for patients age 40 to 80 who have had chickenpox
- Administered at the same time as other live vaccines, as long as they are given the same day
A
- Effective in preventing varicella zoster in patients of all ages
9
Q
- True contraindications to diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP or Tdap) vaccine include:
- Fever up to 104oF (40.5oC) after previous DTaP vaccine
- Family history of seizures after DTaP vaccine
- Adolescent pregnancy
- Anaphylactic reaction with a previous dose
A
- Anaphylactic reaction with a previous dose
10
Q
- Hepatitis B vaccine is contraindicated in patients who:
- Were born after less than 32 weeks gestation (give first dose at age 6 months)
- Are pregnant
- Are on hemodialysis
- Are allergic to yeast
A
- Are allergic to yeast
11
Q
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (Gardasil, Cervarix):
- Is a live virus vaccine that provides immunity to six strains of HPV virus
- Has a common adverse effect of syncope within 15 minutes of giving the vaccine
- Should not be given to males younger than age 12 years
- May be given to pregnant women
A
- Is a live virus vaccine that provides immunity to six strains of HPV virus
12
Q
- Influenza vaccine may be administered annually to:
- Patients with an egg allergy
- Pregnant patients
- Patients age 6 weeks or older
- Patients with acute febrile illness
A
- Pregnant patients
13
Q
- Immune globulin serums:
- Provide active immunity against infectious diseases
- Are contraindicated during pregnancy
- Are heated to above body temperature to kill most hepatitis, HIV, and other viruses such as parvovirus
- Are derived from pooled plasma of adults and contain specific antibodies in proportion to the donor population
A
- Are derived from pooled plasma of adults and contain specific antibodies in proportion to the donor population
14
Q
- Hepatitis B immune globulin is administered to provide passive immunity to:
- Infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers
- Household contacts of hepatitis-B virus infected people
- Persons exposed to blood containing hepatitis B virus
- All of the above
A
- Infants born to HBsAg-positive mother
15
Q
- Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM) is given to:
- Infants born to women who are Rh positive
- Sexual partners of Rh-positive women
- Rh-negative women after a birth, miscarriage, or abortion
- Rh-negative women at 36 weeks gestation
A
- Rh-negative women after a birth, miscarriage, or abortion
