chap 37: HIV & AIDS

Question 1

1. The goals of treatment when prescribing antiretroviral medication to patients with HIV include:
2. Prevent vertical HIV transmission
3. Improve quality of life
4. Prolong survival
5. All of the above

Answer 1

4. All of the above

Question 2

2. A challenge faced with antiretroviral therapy (ART) is:
3. Patients abusing ART
4. Drug-resistant mutations of HIV
5. Reduction of transmissibility of HIV
6. Lack of efficacy data

Answer 2

2. Drug-resistant mutations of HIV

Question 3

3. Predictors for successful treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-positive patients include:
4. They respond to a low-potency treatment regimen
5. They have demonstrated resistance in the past and should respond to newer ART drugs
6. The patient is strictly adherent to the ART treatment regimen
7. Lower baseline CD4 T-cell count at baseline

Answer 3

3. The patient is strictly adherent to the ART treatment regimen

Question 4

4. The goal of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive patients is:
5. Maximum suppression of HIV replication
6. Eradication of HIV virus from the body
7. Determining a treatment regimen that is free of adverse effects
8. Suppression of CD4 T-cell count

Answer 4

1. Maximum suppression of HIV replication

Question 5

5. Pregnant women who are HIV positive:
6. Are treated with AZT alone to prevent birth defects
7. Are treated with a combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen
8. Should not be treated with ART due to teratogenicity of the drugs
9. Are at high risk of developing resistance to ART drugs

Answer 5

2. Are treated with a combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen

Question 6

6. Antiretroviral therapy is recommended for HIV-positive patients with:
7. A history of AIDS-defining illness
8. Pregnant women
9. Hepatitis B co-infection
10. All of the above

Answer 6

4. All of the above

Question 7

7. If considering starting a patient on the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor abacavir, the following testing is recommended prior to prescribing:
8. Renal function
9. HLA B*5701 testing
10. Pancreatic enzyme levels
11. CYP 450 enzyme activity

Answer 7

2. HLA B*5701 testing

Question 8

8. Suzanne is pregnant and has tested HIV positive. Which antiretroviral drug should be avoided in women who are pregnant?
9. Lopinavir/r
10. Zidovudine
11. Ritonavir
12. Lopinavir/ritonavir

Answer 8

1. Lopinavir/r

Question 9

9. The cost of HIV treatment can be prohibitive for any patient. Patients can receive assistance from the:
10. Best Pharmaceuticals for HIV/AIDS Patient Act
11. Ryan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Modernization Act
12. National Institute of Health HIV/AIDS Assistance Fund
13. Centers for Disease Control HIV/AIDS Treatment Fund

Answer 9

2. Ryan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Modernization Act

Question 10

10. Resistance to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is measured by:
11. Measuring the DNA viral load in the serum
12. Determining plasma viral RNA on two successive measurements
13. Phenotype assays of the combination of ART the patient is on
14. Elevation of T4 counts

Answer 10

2. Determining plasma viral RNA on two successive measurements

Question 11

11. Phenotype assays are used to measure _______ of antiretroviral therapy.
12. Effectiveness
13. Genotype
14. Sensitivity
15. Hypersensitivity susceptibility

Answer 11

3. Sensitivity

Question 12

12. Patient factors that contribute to antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure include:
13. Being a male who has sex with males
14. HIV diagnosis in pregnancy
15. Good compliance with the ART treatment regimen
16. ART adverse effects

Answer 12

4. ART adverse effects

Question 13

13. Patients who are taking antiretroviral therapy need to have the following monitored:
14. Lipid levels
15. Sexual functioning
16. Platelet count
17. All of the above

Answer 13

1. Lipid levels

Question 14

14. Successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) in an HIV-positive patient is determined by:
15. Being able to stop ART therapy due to HIV virus eradication
16. Lowering HIV viral load to unmeasurable amounts
17. Individual measures of success based on their personal situation
18. Normal blood hematologic factors

Answer 14

3. Individual measures of success based on their personal situation