hip joint

Question 1

describe femoral head

Answer 1

Femoral head – spheroid in shape (1), covered in hyaline cartilage (1).

Question 2

Describe the ligamentum teres and its attachments 2

Answer 2

Ligamentum teres – ligament of the head of the femur (1), apex from a pit in the head of the femur (fovea) (½), base to the acetabular notch and transverse acetabular ligament (½).

Question 3

Describe the transverse acetabular ligament 2

Answer 3

Transverse acetabular ligament – spans acetabular notch inferiorly (1) and completes the labrum (1)

Question 4

Name the four main ligaments of the hip joint

Answer 4

Iliofemoral Ligament (1), Pubofemoral Ligament (1), Ischiofemoral Ligament (1)
ligamentum teres

Question 5

Briefly describe the acetabulum and its articular surface

Answer 5

Acetabulum is a hemispherical or cup-shaped hollow (½). The central section of the acetabular fossa is non-articular (½). The rim of the acetabulum is incomplete, the area known as the acetabular notch (½), which is spanned by the transverse acetabular ligament (½).The acetabular labrum, a fibro-cartilaginous structure (½), is attached to the rim of the acetabulum and deepens the acetabular fossa (½). It contains the horseshoe shaped (lunate) (½) articular surface covered by hyaline cartilage (½).

Question 6

List, in general terms, two (2) different structures that contribute to the stability of this joint 2

Answer 6

Acetabular labrum (fibrocartilaginous rim), Ligaments, Capsule, Muscles (1 + 1 any two)

Question 7

attachment of the iliofemoral ligament

Answer 7

from apex of AIIS to introchanteric line

Question 8

attachment of the ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 8

inferior aspect of the ischium to anterior part of greater trochanter

Question 9

attachment of the pubofemoral ligament

Answer 9

pubic eminence to capsule and medial band of the ilofemoral ligament and interchanteric line

Question 10

attachment of the ligamentum teres

Answer 10

from the pit (fovea) in head of femur to the base to the acetabular notch and transverse acetabular ligament

Question 11

attachment of the inguinal ligament

Answer 11

ASIS to pubic tubercle

Question 12

What does the hip bone consist of

Answer 12

ilium, ischium and pubis

Question 13

what does the pelvis consist of

Answer 13

the hip bone, sacrum and coccyx

Question 14

what is femoral neck inclination, state the angle of degrees and what they are referred to as

Answer 14

Normal is 125 degrees +/- 5
more than 130 degrees is coxa alga
less than 120 degrees is coxa vara

Question 15

what is femoral torsion and how many degrees is it

Answer 15

when the head and neck of femur is rotated slightly anteriorly.
normal degrees is 12-15
less than= retroversion
more than= ante version

Question 16

what is a physical change that occurs due to femoral torsion

Answer 16

excessive ant version causes patella to not face anterior but instead squint. In order for the hip joint to go back to it’s normal degrees it rotates the entire lower limb causing “in toeing”

Question 17

what supplies blood to the head and neck of femur

Answer 17

ligamentum teres has an artery within it which supplies the head and neck of femur, also medial and lateral circumflex arteries join in through the capsule and supply neck of femur

Question 18

what occurs when there is a fracture through the neck of the femur

Answer 18

circumflex arteries and ligaments arteries disrupt which causes head and neck of femur to lose their blood supply and cause avascular necrosis

Question 19

classify the hip joint

Answer 19

synovial polyaxial ball and socket joint with 3 degrees of freedom/ circumduction

Question 20

what ensures there’s good hip joint stability

Answer 20

strong surrounding ligaments
cup shaped acetabulum
deepened by acetabulum labrum
strong capsule
vacuum effect within ball and socket
oblique angle of femoral neck
strong surrounding muscles

Question 21

how many degrees in each hip movement

Answer 21

flexion- 100-120 degrees
extension- 15-20 degrees
abduction- 40-45 degrees
adduction 15-30 degrees
lateral rotation- 45-60 degrees
medial rotation- 30-40 degrees

Question 22

what is closed and open packed position

Answer 22

closed pack is when the hip Is at its most stable position: maximum extension, medial rotation and abduction

open packed position is used to undertaker any accessory movements: slight flexion, abduction and lateral rotation

Question 23

what are the bursae in the hip

Answer 23

iliopsoas bursa
teochanteric bursa
gluteus medius bursa
ischiogluteal bursa