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Dynamics of Health Care > chapter 15: critical thinking > Flashcards

chapter 15: critical thinking Flashcards

1
Q

what two skills allow for good decision making

A

critical thinking

problem solving

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2
Q

What is critical thinking

A

a systematic way to form and shape one’s thinking.

  • functions purposefully and exactingly
  • is disciplined, comprehensive, and based on intellectual standards + reasoning
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3
Q

Who defined critical thinking

A

Dr.Richard Paul

Director of Research and Professional development at the Center for critical Thinking

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4
Q

What are the four features of critical thinking

A

= purposeful and results-oriented
= based on principles of Health Care practice and scientific method (judgment are evidence based)
= guided by professional standards and ethics codes
= self correcting with reevaluation and reflects desire to improve

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5
Q

what should healthcare workers not merely rely on

A

rote actions and skills

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6
Q

what happens when you think critically

A

you analyze information objectively to form your own judgement about it

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7
Q

Name types of information that is analyzed

A

personal experience
observations
reasoning
data communicated by others

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8
Q

What does good critical thinking result in in healthcare

A

positive patient outcomes

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9
Q

What 5 questions help to break down questions (like when taking medical history)

A

what is the main purpose of the patient visit

what is the most important information given by the patient

what data supports the information presented by the patient

what are the key concepts and how do they relate to the patients purpose

what message is being conveyed by te patient

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10
Q

How should you determine what information is relevant

A

assess what is supported by facts or research

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11
Q

What 7 qualities do critical thinkers have

A 
fair mindedness
autonomy 
integrity
creativity 
humility 
confidence
preserverance
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12
Q

Describe fair-mindedness versus unfair mindedness

A

critical thinkers = fair minded and open to all view points

- consider opposing points of view

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13
Q

Describe a healthcare worker who is fair-minded

A
  • listen to statements by the patient, family, healthcare professionals, before reaching conclusion
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14
Q

How is autonomy a component of critical thinking

A

Critical thinkers must think for themselves

  • analyze and evaluate beliefs and values
  • do not accept the standard way of doing things
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15
Q

Describe a good critical thinkers view on believing and conforming

A

will question when its reasonable to question
will believe when it is reasonable to beleif
will conform when it is resonable to conform

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16
Q

What does perserverance require

A

dedication and determination

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17
Q

Why is perserverance important

A

important issues are complex/confusing and require thought and research
- this takse a lot of time

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18
Q

Describe an occupational therapists appraoch with perserverance v. laziness

A

an occupational therapist will modify their plan as necessary depending on the movement level of the patient

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19
Q

What is integrity

A

person applies rigorous standards of proof to their own knowledge or beliefs as they would to others

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20
Q

What does a hleathcare worker do to show integrity

A
  • question their knowledge as they question or challenge others
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21
Q

Describe creativity in the healthcare field

A
  • recognize traditional solutions but also recognize creative solutions
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22
Q

What does humility refer to

A

being aware of the limits of your knowledge

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23
Q

Why do critical thinkers have confidence

A

well reasoned thinking will lead to trustworthy conclusions

- have confidence in this reasoning process

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24
Q

What are the 7 “questions” of critical thinking

A 
fair mindedness versus unfair mindedness
autonomy versus conformity
perseverance versus laziness
integrity versus deceit
creativity versus lack of creativity
humility versus arrogance
confidence versus distrust
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25
Q

What 4 steps can you take to improve your critical thinking skills

A

clarify your thinking
discipline your thinking
ask meaningful questions
be willing to change your mind

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26
Q

what are the five steps to basic problem solving

A
  1. identify the problem
  2. gather information and identify possible solutions
  3. select the best options
  4. implement the solution
  5. evaluate the results
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27
Q

What are three steps to gather information and identify possible solutions

A
  • brainstorm in smallq groups
  • collect data from patient through assessment
  • conduct research
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28
Q

what is brainstorming

A

to generate creative ideas spontaneously, without stopping to analyze each idea
- no judging or criticism until the end

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29
Q

What must you do when selecting the best option

A

assess the short term and long term effects of each idea

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30
Q

What is a problem solving method that can be used ONLY IN certain situations

A

trial and error problem solving

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31
Q

what is trial and error problem solving

A

testing a number of solutions until that works is found

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32
Q

What are the 7 steps to scientific problem solving

A
  1. problem identification
  2. data collection
  3. hypothesis formulation
  4. plan of action
  5. hypothesis testing
  6. interpretation of results
  7. evaluation
33
Q

what is scientific problem solving

A

systematic problem solving method

  • complex version of basic problem solving
  • used in controlled lab settings to carry out experiments
34
Q

what is intuitive problem solving

A

identify a solution to a problem based on its similarity or dissimilarity to other problems
- without logical thinking

35
Q

what are some healthcare professionals thoughts on intuitive problem solving

A

clinical judgement should be based on data alone, not intuition

36
Q

what are the four processes of studying

A

refreshing memory
take in new information
organize and memorize data
making connections among information

37
Q

What three factors determine the effectiveness of a study area

A

lighting
temperature
surroundings

38
Q

Describe lighting in a study area

A

need sufficient CONTROLLABLE lighting

  • too much hurts your eyes
  • too little strains your eyes
39
Q

What is the good temperature for studying

A

65-70 F

18-21 C

40
Q

Describe the effects of cold and hot temperature on studying

A

cold temperature is distracting
- cannot take notes w. cold fingers

hot temperatures cause heat stress

  • impair mental sharpness
  • cause drowsiness
41
Q

How long should you try out a temperature in a study area

A

half an hour

42
Q

what things should you keep in mind when deciding on the temperature of a study area (3)

A

sitting near an air conditioning makes you cold
sitting near heating vent makes you hot
a door may cause a draft

43
Q

What four tips help you be more alert and avoid distractions

A
  • background music
  • white noise
  • study without social networking
  • turn off TV
44
Q

Describe impact of background music

A
  • promotes relaxed alertness
  • stimulates learning
  • improve recall
45
Q

Describe the impact of white noise

A
  • blocks out other sounds without creating a distraction

ex. electric fan or bubbling fountain

46
Q

What resources should be reviewed, relating to upcoming tasks

A
  • read texts
  • review notes
  • study patient files
  • analyze patient files
  • consult colleagues + learnres
  • examine additional resources
47
Q

what is daily preparation

A

helps to keep up with coursework or job

48
Q

How should information be convered?

A

in small amounts at a time

- information is more easily absorbed in chunks

49
Q

Name an “ideal” study session

A

1 hour sessions w breaks

50
Q

what does it mean to truly learn something

A

understand the subject fully, so that you can recall it and apply it when necessary

51
Q

what is the most common learning process

A

reading

  • ask questions about material when reading as well
  • check comprehension with end of chapter questions
52
Q

What three things should you do when reading

A
  • pay special attention to bold and italicized
  • write main paragraph points in margins or note book
  • read EVERYTHING (tables , graphs, illustrations)
53
Q

what are the three parts of the learning process

A

reception
perception
selection

54
Q

what is reception

A

to take in information without knowing what it means

55
Q

what is perception

A

give meaning to the information

56
Q

what is selection

A

brain recognizes information as important and unimportant

  • important facts are processed
  • unimportant facts are forgotten
57
Q

what should you do to ensure that you remember information

A

review it immediately after receiving it

58
Q

what is working memory

A

describe show the brain stores and retrieves information from short-long term memory

59
Q

describe short term memory

A
  • limited and lasts for as little as 15 seconds
  • cannot store a great deal of info
  • holsd 5-9 chunks of information
60
Q

what does grouping do? give an example

A
  • make space for more data in short-term memory

group 1929007 into 1929 and 007.

61
Q

What does information do after it is grouped

A
  • it is forgotten

- it is moved to the long term memory

62
Q

What are three ways to move information from short to long term memory (without recall or review immediately)

A
  • say or write down everything you remember
  • recall events/information in different order
  • recreate learning environment
63
Q

What does it mean to recreate the learning environment

A 
include sound
smell
details about weather
objects
people 
thoughts 
feelings
64
Q

When is information forgotten

A
  • not interested in subject
  • lack purpose of learning
  • few connections between memory and other pieces of information
65
Q

How can you make associations + connections to study

A
  1. select the information to be remembered

2. connect it with a song, person, scent, memory

66
Q

What is an acronym

A

a word created from the firs letter of each word in a phrase or each item on a list

67
Q

Name an example of an acronym

A
  • RICE for musculoskeletal injury treatment

RICE
ICE
COMPRESSION
ELEVATION

68
Q

What are acrostics

A

phrases or sentences created from the first letter of each item on a list

69
Q

Name an example of an acrostic

A

On Old Olympus’ Towering Tops, A Finn and a Swedish Girl Viewed Some Hops
for cranial nerves (12)

olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abduscens
facial
sensorimotor 
glossopharyngeal
vagus
spinal accessory
hypoglossal
70
Q

When do acronyms and acrostics work

A

when it is hard to find a personal memory or association for a peace of data

71
Q

What are flashcards

A
  • effective study tool for learning new material or reviewing information
  • one side has term
  • other side has definition formula or information
72
Q

What is a fun game with flashcards

A

reviewing with a friend

mix up cards to ensure that each term is memorized

73
Q

Describe music for memorization

A
  • melody triggers memory

- by making up a jingle or song for the material, it is easier to recall it

74
Q

How do people learn with study groups

A

helps them actively process information and think clearly/deeply

75
Q

What are the four C’s of study groups

A

committed
contributing
compatible
considerate

76
Q

How big should a study group be?

A

maximum 4-5 members

smaller groups = easier to review necessary materials and answer each others questions

77
Q

What are the benefits of a study group

A
  • mutual support
  • reinforce learnt information
  • deepen understanding
78
Q

What are four tips for group study sessions

A

determine objectives
prepare in advance
alternate instruction
focus on the task

Dynamics of Health Care (21 decks)

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