chapter 13

Question 1

what is diversity characterized by

Answer 1

race 
national origin
religion
language
physical size
gender
sexual orientation 
disability
socioeconomic status
occupational status
geographic location

Question 2

what beliefs are individuals influenced by

Answer 2

cultural
social
religious
personal convinctions

Question 3

what is ethnocentrism

Answer 3

the belief that a particular social or cultural group is superior

Question 4

what leads to or results in stereotypes? what are stereotypes?

Answer 4

prejudice

a mistaken perception rooted in strong feelings and a lack of knowledge

Question 5

what three multi words describe the US

Answer 5

multicultural
multiethnic
multiracial

Question 6

what is culture

Answer 6

a shared system of beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations that provide structure for daily living

Question 7

what is culture rooted in and revealed in?

Answer 7

rooted in

• beliefs
• habits
• likes/dislikes
• customs

revealed in

• attitude
• institutions

Question 8

what does culture influence

Answer 8

how people view themselves
expectations of people
response to certain situations

Question 9

what should healthcare providers do to be respectful about culture

Answer 9

avoid making arguments
treat everyone with care and respect
be aware of and understand cultural differences

Question 10

what is subculture

Answer 10

a group of people who are part of a larger culture but whose attitudes and behaviors exhibit distinct beliefs and values

based on occupational status, age, ethnicity, language

Question 11

what is ethnicity

Answer 11

sense of identification with a group based on common heritage
- through birth or adoption of a groups characteristics

Question 12

what characteristics do people of an ethnicity sahre

Answer 12

language and dialect
religious practice
literature
folklore
music 
politics
food

Question 13

what is race

Answer 13

based on specific physical characteristics

Question 14

what is a minority group versus dominant group

Answer 14

minority –> physical and cultural characteristics that differ from a dominant group

dominant –> largest group that controls society values

Question 15

what is cultural assimilation or acculturation

Answer 15

an individuals shift from minority to dominant group

-adopt values, attitudes, behaviors of a dominant culture

Question 16

what 10 questions must a healthcare professional ask to understand culture shock

Answer 16

1. to what cause does the patient attribute illness and disease
2. what are the patients beliefs about body shape and size
3. what name does the patient give their health condition
4. what does the patient believes promotes health
5. what is the patient’s religious affiliation
6. does the patient reply on cultural healers
7. in what types of cultural healing practices does the patient engage
8. how does the patient and family perceive HC providers
9. what comprises sick behavior
10. how does the patient’s culture view mental disorders

Question 17

what do physical characters evolve in a response to

Answer 17

environmental demand

Question 18

name 4 diseases and their racial connection

Answer 18

tay-sachs

• genetic disorder that destroys nerve cells in brain and spinal cord
• develops inability to move
• individuals of Eastern European Jewish descent

keloids

• overgrowth of connective tissue that forms from healing from injury
• wound heals with rough and elevated scare
• people w. darker skin

lactase deficiency and lactose intolerance

• lactic ferments in the intestines
• hispanic women/african/chinese/thai

sickle cell anemia

• body makes sickle shaped red-blood cells that break down faster than normal red blood cells
• african/hispanic/carribean/south-west asian/latino/hispanic/NA/mediterranean

Question 19

what must healthcare providers do regarding psychological characteristics

Answer 19

put aside their own opinions and look at circumstances from patient POV

Question 20

what 3 steps should HC providers take to treat patients with cultural sensitivity

Answer 20

recognize importance of culture
respect patient’s right to respond to HC team
do not stereotype patient’s response to perception due to their culture

Question 21

describe gender role for patients and healthcare workers

Answer 21

patients - males or females may be dominant members
- if dominant member is injured, there might be feelings of anxiety

hc provider
- know dominant family member

Question 22

compare and contrast time orientation in american culture vs. others

Answer 22

western culture = time oriented
- south asian culture = late is sign of respect

western culture = future oriented
- others might be past or present oriented

Question 23

what two questions should HC providers ask regarding food and nutrition

Answer 23

what foods are considered edible? which are not?

what items and types of food are considered meals?

Question 24

what four factors account for differences among individuals

Answer 24

cultural influences
economics
age
religion

Question 25

compare middle class families to impoverished families

Answer 25

middle class families = have resources for healthcare when needed

impoverished families = live shorter and experience more disability
- no access to healthcare

Question 26

what is the impact of poverty on older Americans and families with single mothers

Answer 26

inadequate infant care 
poor preventive care 
poor diet 
homelessness
no transportation

Question 27

how does a lack of affordable housing impact healthcare

Answer 27

affect health of family members
lack of running water, heat, electricity
diminished sense of individuality = schizophrenia
easy transmission of disease

Question 28

how must healthcare workers be sensitive to age

Answer 28

be sensitive to patient’s changing physical and emotional needs as they grow older

Question 29

how must healthcare workers be sensitive to religion

Answer 29

be sensitive to values and beliefs

religious beliefs impact how a patient wishes to be treated by healthcare professionals

Question 30

name some types of healthcare practice

Answer 30

modern
conventional
traditional
complementary and alternative
allopathic
homeopathic
folk

Question 31

what three things are preferences for healthcare a result of

Answer 31

different types of care
lack of insurance
preferences for familial and personal care

Question 32

what is folk medicine

Answer 32

a form of prevention and treatment that uses old fashioned remedies and household medicine handed down from generations

Question 33

what is divine revelation

Answer 33

the power to heal is a “gift from god” only bestowed on certain people

Question 34

why do patients accustomed to traditional medicine deem modern HC practitioners incompetent

Answer 34

not used to being asked a list of questions
- healers should know what is wrong

not used to lab testing and imaging

Question 35

name four types of nontraditional healing methods

Answer 35

cutaneous stimulation
- stimulation of skin with massage ,vibration, heat, and cold to reduce intensity of pain

therapeutic touch
- healers use touch to transfer energy to patient to stimulate patient’s healing potential

acupuncture
- a therapy that prevents, diagnoses, and treats pain and disease through insertion of special needs in body

acupressure
- providers perform deep pressure massage to a certain point of the body

Question 36

what is an herbs impact on healthcare today

Answer 36

a herb is a common method in all cultures

modern medicine is based on herbs and traditional substances

Question 37

what is complementary and alternative medicine

Answer 37

type of medicine that promotes healing through nutrition, exercise, and relaxation
emphasis on prevention