Cardio Patholgies (cardiac Surgery)

Question 1

What are the different cardiac operations

Answer 1

CABG, valve repair/ replacement, heart transplant, lung transplant, repair of congenital heart defects

Question 2

What is a CABG

Answer 2

Coronary bypass graft, used to treat chd, involves bypassing a blocked portion of a coronary artery using another piece of blood vessel

Question 3

What are some complications of cardiac surgery

Answer 3

Mi bleeding, lower lobe collapse, chest infection/pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, pleural effusion, pneumothorax,renal impairment/failure, restrictive Lung deficit, chronic pain at incision sites

Question 4

What is the procedure of a CABG

Answer 4

Incision made via a median sternotomy, traditionally the heart is stoped during surgery and kept going via cardiopulmonary bypass, less invasive techniques have been developed such as keyhole surgery

Question 5

What are some common graft sites for CABG surgery

Answer 5

Saphenous vein, radial artery, left internal thoracic artery, right internal thoracic artery, right gastro epiloic artery

Question 6

Physio management after cardiac surgery

Answer 6

Uncomplicated cardiac surgery techniques such as: secretion clearance, decrease WOB, increase lung volume as and when indicated, advice regarding early mobilisation, stair climbing 3/4 days post op rehab programme, progressive exercise

Question 7

Special considerations of cardiac surgery

Answer 7

Complications may lead to prolonged ITU stay, may require high tech support which can limit physio treatments, don’t tolerate head down positions, teach how to support sternum, may need postural correction

Question 8

What’s heart valve disease

Answer 8

Congenital heart disease can affect any of the 4 valves