Msk Patholgies (orthopaedic Surgeries) Flashcards
What’s an elective procedure,
One that’s planned in advance doesn’t need to be performed immediately
What a trauma. Surgery
Is used to manage traumatic injuries
What’s a joint replacement
An orthopaedic surgery procedure in which an arthritic joint surface is replaced with a prosthesis
What’s a total hip replacement
Incision made posterior-laterally to,expose joint surgeon dislocates hip joint, femoral head cut off and special tool used to reshape and grind down acetabulum, acetabular cup placed into socket, prosthetic femoral,stem placed into shaft of the femur
What’s a total knee replacement
Incision made down front of knee to expose knee cap, knee cap moved to the side to allow access to knee joint, distal femur and prox tibia are cut away using guides which shape bone to fit prosthetic components, distal end of femur replaced with a curved mets, prosthesis, plastic spacer 2 components, sometimes posterior aspect of patella replaced
Physio for THR and TKR
Usually FWB after surgery, start mobilising asap, ROM and strength exercises, swelling and pain management
What’s a total shoulder replacement
Aims to reduce pain and restore mobility in patients with late stage shoulder OA, traditionally GHJ accessed anteriorly, deltoid and pecs separated to access joint, sub scap cut to gain access, arthritic areas removed, implants inserted sub scap repaired and incisions closed
Physio for shoulder joint replacement
Sling, Rom exercises allowed, pain management
Ween out of sling, progress ROM, isometric rotator cuff exercises, strength tonal exercises
Specific rehab depending on patient goals
What’s a rotator cuff repair
Indicated in patients with complete tears of rotator cuff tendons or partial tears, normally done arthroscopically although can be done as open surgery, joint/ tendon aebrided sometimes alongside sun achromial decompression, rotator cuff tendon will then be reattached to bone
What’s a disectomy/ decompression
Indicated in patients who have nerve root or spinal cord compression, could be due to a disc prolapse, bony spurs in the intervertebral foremen or spinal cord stenosis, surgery urgent in case of cauda equina
What’s a disectomy
Involves removing disc material extruding into formaen/spinal cord
What’s decompression
Can include removal of ostéophyte, laminectomy, removal of thickened ligament, foraminotomy, facetectomy central posterior incision made over appropriate vertebrae, spinal muscles split down the middle and moved either side
What’s spinal fusion
Can be elective or trauma- indicated in some cases of nerve root compression, surgeon uses screws and rods to fix vertebrae in place
What’s open reduction internal fixation surgery
Surgery used to fix broken bones that are displaced or unstable, different types of fixation, IM nails, plates or screws most common
Open réduction refers to resetting these bones into the correct position
Use of the implant to maintain position allowing bone to heal, fixation will often remain in place unless metal work becomes problematic
