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PPPVN > Temperature, Pulse, Respiration and Blood Pressure > Flashcards

Temperature, Pulse, Respiration and Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

List the types of thermometers that can be used in practice

A

Digital- rectal, aural and oesophageal
Mercury
Biotherm

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2
Q

What are the advantages of digital thermometers?

A

Quicker to use

Smaller so more comfortable

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3
Q

Why aren’t mercury thermometers commonly used?

A

Toxic within glass so easy to break

Need to be shaken down before use

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4
Q

Explain the biotherm thermometer

A

Tiny chip under scruff and when scanned shows temperature

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5
Q

Describe how to care for and store thermometers

A

Don’t share between infectious patients
Store in original casing- digital
Store in cotton wool filled with disinfectant solution, dont use hot water as glass breaks- mercury

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6
Q

Where is the most reliable place to take temperature readings from?

A

Rectal

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7
Q

Describe how to take a rectal temperature

A

Lubricate thermometer and slowly insert in twisting motion
Hold thermometer flat and push dorsally so is touching top membranes to avoid faeces
Hold for 30-60 seconds, gently remove and clean
Record temperature and disinfect

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8
Q

Define hypothermia

A

Low body temperature

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9
Q

Define hyperthermia

A

High body temperature due to environment

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10
Q

Define pyrexia

A

Increase in body temperature due to infection

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11
Q

Define diphasic

A

Fluctuating temperature

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12
Q

What is the purpose of measuring blood pressure?

A

Provide information about cardiovascular function, cardiac output and blood flow

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13
Q

How to calculate blood pressure

A

Cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

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14
Q

What does systolic blood pressure measure?

A

Force heart exerts on artery walls each heart beat

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15
Q

What does diastolic blood pressure measure?

A

Force heart exerts on artery walls between heart beats

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16
Q

What does mean arterial pressure measure?

A

Average pressure in arteries in cardiac cycle

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17
Q

Dogs blood pressure range

A

131-154/75

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18
Q

Cats blood pressure

A

115-162/83

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19
Q

List the methods of recording blood pressure

A

Arterial catheter
Oscillometric measurement
Dopler technique

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20
Q

Describe how to measure blood pressure using arterial catheter

A

Place catheter in dorsal pedal, coccygeal or medial auricular artery and connect to DABP monitor
Connect fluid administration set to give 0.9% sodium chloride and pressurise fluid bag above systolic pressure to prevent backflow of blood
Pressure transducer is connected to monitor at level of the heart and to fluid system
Zero monitor to level of right atrium to pick put pressure changes as electrical signals to present a pressure wave

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21
Q

List advantages and disadvantages of arterial catheter to monitor blood pressure

A

Advantages- most accurate method, real time readings

Disadvantages- only used on critical patients due to invasiveness, costly, risk of haemorrhage and infection

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22
Q

Describe the oscillometric technique of blood pressure monitoring

A

Place blood pressure cuff on pulse site and ensure line of cuff matches artery. Cuff should be 1/3 width of limbs circumference
Inflate cuff and readings are automatically taken

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23
Q

List advantages and disadvantages of oscillometric blood pressure technique

A

Advantages- automated so less skill needed, can measure at timed intervals, less handling so lowers stress
Disadvantages- Less accurate when under 5kg, moving or has cardiac issues

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24
Q

Explain the process for the dopler technique of measuring blood pressure

A

Place cuff proximal to probe
Clip fur around pulse site and clean with surgical spirit then apply ultrasound gel
Place dopler probe on clipped area and move until pulse is found and heard
Inflate cuff with sphygmomanometer until no sound is heard then slowly deflate and record the measurement of when sound returns which is the systolic pressure
Repeat and take average, completely deflating cuff between readings

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25
Q

List advantages of dopler technique

A

Advantages- easy, affordable, can be used on all animals

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26
Q

Where are palpable pulse sites found

A

Femoral- medial aspect of femur
Digital- palmer aspect of carpus/inside of wrist
Tarsal- medial aspect of tarsus/middle of ankle
Lingual- ventral aspect of tongue

27
Q

Define sinus arrhythmia

A

Increased pulse on inspiration and decreased pulse on expiration

28
Q

Define dysrhythmia

A

Pulse rate lower than heart rate

29
Q

Define hyperdynamic pulse

A

Strong bounding pulse

30
Q

Define trachycardia

A

Increased pulse rate

31
Q

Define bradycardia

A

Decreased pulse rate

32
Q

What are the methods of recording heart rate

A

Stethoscope
Pulse oximeter
Oesophageal stethoscope

33
Q

Where is the site to take heart rate from on chest?

A

On left lower chest between 3rd and 6th ribs/ at point of elbow when standing

34
Q

Explain the process of using a pulse oximeter

A

Sensors placed on skin/MM usually on tongue in anaesthetised patients
Light emitted passes through blood in tissue and measures light absorption

35
Q

When cant pulse oximetry be used?

A

When there is no peripheral circulation or there is severe circulatory failure

36
Q

Explain how to use oesophageal stethescope

A

Only on anaesthetised patients
Tube measured to length from canines to elbow bone
Place with the earpieces in down oesophagus and stop advancing when heartbeat is heard
Tape in place

37
Q

How do you measure capillary refill time?

A

Press gums and measure the time it takes to return to normal colour

38
Q

How do you assess respiration?

A

Best at rest, watch chest move up and down or place hands on chest or listen
Note respiratory effort

39
Q

Define dyspnoea

A

Difficulty breathing

40
Q

What is the term for when a patient adjusts its position to aid breathing?

A

Orthopnoea

41
Q

Define stridor

A

Shrill harsh inspiratory noise

42
Q

Define stretor

A

Snoring

43
Q

What is meant by paradoxical breathing?

A

Abnormal respiratory pattern

Diaphragm moves up on inspiration and down on expiration

44
Q

Define cyanotic

A

Blue MM

45
Q

Define rhoncus

A

Coarse rattling breathing signs

46
Q

What is meant by abdominal breathing?

A

Abdomen moves with respiration

47
Q

Define flail chest

A

Segment of ribcage separated from main body moves with respiration

48
Q

Define trachypnoea

A

Increased respiratory rate

49
Q

Define bradypnoea

A

Decreased respiratory rate

50
Q

What is the name for alternating deep and shallow breathing associated with time before death?

A

Cheyne stokes

51
Q

Define apnoea

A

Cessation of breathing

52
Q

Normal dog temperature

A

38.3-39.2

53
Q

Normal cat temperature

A

38.2-38.6

54
Q

Normal horse temperature

A

37.3-38.2

55
Q

Normal rabbit temperature

A

38.5-40

56
Q

Normal dog pulse rate

A

70-140

57
Q

Normal cat pulse rate

A

140-200

58
Q

Normal horse pulse rate

A

30-40

59
Q

Normal rabbit pulse rate

A

130-325

60
Q

Normal dog respiratory rate

A

10-30

61
Q

Normal cat respiratory rate

A

20-30

62
Q

Normal horse respiratory rate

A

12-20

63
Q

Normal rabbit respiratory rate

A

30-60

PPPVN (14 decks)

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