Tectonic Hazards / Plates Flashcards
What is the oceanic crust?
It is found underneath the oceans. It is denser than continental crust and can be subducted.
What is the continental crust?
It is found under land masses or continents. It is generally older than oceanic crusts and is less often destroyed.
What plate margins are volcanoes found on?
Volcanoes are found along destructive and constructive plate margins
What is a destructive plate margin?
Where the oceanic plate is subducted under the continental plate therefore forming earthquakes
What is a constructive plate margin?
Where plates are moving away from eachother, causing magma from the mantle to rise up and form shield volcanoes and earthquakes
What is a conservative plate margin?
Where plates are moving across eachother, and causing friction which makes them stuck. As they are still moving, it builds up pressure and therefore forms earthquakes. They do not form volcanoes.
What is a primary effect?
Events that happen immediately as a result of a hazard
What is a secondary effect?
Events that happen hours/days/weeks after the initial hazard
4 primary effects of an earthquake
deaths and injuries, damaged buildings, damaged water/gas pipes and fallen electric cables, transport links damaged
4 secondary effects of an earthquake
slowed down economy (less jobs, repair costs), restricted emergency services from damaged transport links, burst water pipes causes poor sanitation and illness, fires break out from gas pipes and fallen electric cables
4 primary effects of a volcanic eruption
farmland and properties destroyed, ash in atmosphere meaning restricted air services, deaths and injuries, contaminated water supplies
4 secondary effects of a volcanic eruption
fertile land for agriculture, increased tourism, emergency services struggle to arrive, glaciers covering volcanoes melt causing flooding
How can earthquakes be managed?
Prediction, Planning, Protection and Long term / Short term relief
What is Prediction?
Experts / Scientists using seismometres to monitor earth tremors and decide where an earthquake is most likely to happen
What is planning?
Constructing buildings that are eathquake-proof and training/funding emergency services in case a hazard was to happen
