cloning

Question 1

micropagation

Answer 1

used to clone plants

Question 2

micropropagation method

Answer 2

1. plant with desirable characteristics is selected to be cloned. Explants are taken from the tips of the stem and the sideshoots of this plant.
2. explants are sterilised to kill any microorganisms
3. explants are grown in vitro and placed in a petri dish containing a nutrient medium - contains growth hormones
4. cells in explants divide and grow into a small plant.
5. small plants are taken out of medium, planted in soil and put into greenhouses.
6. will be genetically identical to original plant.

Question 3

cloning an adult mammal ?

Answer 3

by transplanting a cell nucleus

Question 4

cloning adult mammal method

Answer 4

1. nucleus of sheep’s egg cell removed creating an enucleated cell
2. take a diploid nucleus from a different sheep and insert it in its place
3. cell stimulated with electric shock so it started dividing by mitosis
4. dividing cell is implanted into uterus of another sheep called surrogate mother

Question 5

cloning transgenic animals used for?

Answer 5

producing human proteins

Question 6

how does cloning transgenic animals work ?

Answer 6

1. by transferring human genes into cells of animals such as cows and sheep then can produce human proteins in milk.
2. can produce human antibodies that are used in arthritis amd candle and multiple sclerosis