(PM3A) Autoimmunity Flashcards

1
Q

What are some types of corticosteroid receptors?

A

(1) Glucocorticoid

(2) Mineralcorticoid

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2
Q

Put dexamethasone, cortisone, and prednisone in order of potency. With (1) being most potent and (3) the least potent.

A

(1) Dexamethasone
(2) Prednisone
(3) Cortisone

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3
Q

What is an autoantigen?

A

Disease specific antigen

Causes autoimmune disorder

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4
Q

How can autoimmunity be classified?

A

By effector mechanisms

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5
Q

What is an example of an organ specific autoimmune disease?

A

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

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6
Q

What is an example of a systemic autoimmune disease?

A

SLE
Systemic lupus erythematosus

Rheumatoid arthritis

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7
Q

What is Goodpasture’s syndrome?

A

Organ specific autoimmune disease

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8
Q

Name an example of an acute autoimmune disease.

A

Scleroderma/ type 1 diabetes mellitus

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9
Q

In which autoimmune disease are myelin proteins present as the autoantigen?

A

Multiple sclerosis

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10
Q

In which autoimmune disease are pancreatic islet cells present as the autoantigen?

A

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

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11
Q

In which autoimmune disease are IgG (antibody) present as the autoantigen?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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12
Q

In which autoimmune disease are cell nucleus proteins present as the autoantigen?

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

SLE

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13
Q

What are the purposes of autoimmune disease treatment?

A

(1) Block lymphocyte activity
(2) Block inflammation
(3) Treat/ manage symptoms

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14
Q

Which classes of immunosuppressant drugs block adaptive immune priming?

A

Do this by blocking signals/ killing lymphocytes

(1) Calcineurin inhibitors
(2) Proliferation blockers
(3) Monoclonal antibodies

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15
Q

Which classes of immunosuppressant drugs block inflammatory signals?

A

(1) Anti-histamines
(2) Glucocorticoids
(3) Biopharmaceuticals

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16
Q

Which classes of immunosuppressant drugs provide symptomatic relief from immunopathology?

A

(1) Analgesics – block pain
(2) Insulin –symptomatic relief
(3) Thyroid hormone –symptomatic relief

17
Q

Which class of immunosuppressants are able to inhibit the adaptive immune system?

A

(1) Antiproliferative drugs – e.g. methotrexate
(2) Inhibitors of lymphocyte signalling – calcineurin inhibitors, e.g. ciclosporin A
(3) Biologic inhibitors of lymphocyte signalling – e.g. abatacept

18
Q

What effect do glucocorticoids have on the immune system?

A

Block lymphocyte activation

19
Q

Which drugs are able to limit potentially damaging inflammation in autoimmune disease?

A

Glucocorticoids (corticosteroids)
– Can be injected into joints (AVOID long-term treatment)
– Unfortunately blocks ALL inflammatory signals

20
Q

What is TNF-alpha?

A

Potent inflammatory cytokine

Protein signalling molecule

Normally produced in response to bacterial infection

21
Q

What are some examples of anti-TNF therapy?

A

(1) Etanercept
(2) Infleximab
(3) Adalimumab

22
Q

What is a common definition of autoimmunity?

A

Failure of tolerance

23
Q

What is tolerance?

A

Mechanism by which our immune system removes random antigen receptors that recognise ‘self antigen’