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Domain 1 > Competency 3 > Flashcards

Competency 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What were the 2 phases of the reformation period?

A
  1. Protestant Reformation: broke from Catholic Church
  2. Catholic-Counter Reformation: catholic churchs’ steps to cleaning up their act and slowing down the protestant reformation
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2
Q

What caused the Protestant Reformation?

A

Political- increase in power of rulers or monarchs, growth of nationalism

Economic- Greed of kings to own lands and wealth of Church, rise of the middle class and Capitalism, anger against papal taxation (pope)

Religious- abuses by Catholic Church, immorality within, sale of indulgences, Theology

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3
Q

What are Indulgences?

A

Offering money to pay for a sin (confessions) in the Catholic Church

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4
Q

What is nationalism?

A

Patriotic pride in a country

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5
Q

Wnere did the Protestant Reformation begin?

A

Germany with revolt of Martin Luther (priest), got angry with church abuses. Founded Lutheran Church. Spread to Switzerland. Began in England when Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife (against the Catholic Church, decided to have his own church)

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6
Q

What were some of the results of the Protestant Reformation?

A
  1. End of abuses in Catholic Church
  2. Religious freedom and tolerance
  3. Increase in Education
  4. Increase in religious wars
  5. Increase in fanaticism and persecution
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7
Q

How did the Renaissance begin?

A

Protestant Reformation led to more Education and openess to different ideas and trade to Asia Ex: Valdo brothers/Marco Polo brought information about new lands, people, customs, foods, spices, silks

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8
Q

What was the Renaissance?

A

REBIRTH- time of renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman civilizations

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9
Q

Where did the Renaissance begin?

A

Italy (Florence)

Results were in: education, reading, writing, math, law, and study of Greek and Roman writers

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10
Q

Who are some famous people from the Renaissance period?

A

Art: Leonardo Davinci, Michaelangelo, Rafael, Rambrant (Painting and Sculpture- more realistically portrayed Ex: Mona Llisa)

Literature: Shakespeare, Dante, Sir Thomas More (shifted focus to life on Earth) Invention of Printing Press

Music: Not JUST for CHURCH. Musicians worked for themselves, not for Curches

Science: Galileo, Copernicus, Kepler. Earth was ROUND and not Center of Universe

Medicine: Anatomy

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11
Q

What is absolutism?

A

King has absolute authority

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12
Q

Who was Louis XIV?

A

King of France when 5 yrs old

called the Son King

France had a superior military

Ruled with absolute power- “I am the State”

Prime Minister: Mazarin

Distrusted the nobles and weakened their power, tried to control the church, duiring his reign 2 Frondes broke out (civil wars), did not handle protestants (Huguenots) well, and they were a wealthy and industrious people

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13
Q

Who was Catherine the Great?

A

Enlightened Despot

In russia- came to power when helped dethrone her husband Peter III

revised Russian law to make it more humane, built hospitals, orphanages, established schools, but did not free peasants, increased their serfdom

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14
Q

Who is Tokugawa Leyasu?

A

Came to power in 1600

Military Dictator

persecuted Christians and isolated Japan from rest of world

Established social class hierarchy of Samuri being the highest, farmers, artisans, traders the midle, and Peasants the lowest

his successors continued until the Boshin war

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15
Q

What is colonization?

A

Expansion of a nation’s borders by controlling land far away

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16
Q

What were the results of European expansion and colonialism in other parts of the world?

A
  1. Europeans invaded the far east and the Americas and took over
  2. Christianity was introduced all over the world
  3. Capitalism spread
  4. Trade increased
  5. European nations became very wealthy
  6. New ideas were traded
  7. Constant search for Gold
17
Q

How was European expansion funded?

A

money from Kings, but then companies were establised to invest in trade

18
Q

What countries were most active in colonial expansion?

A

Spain, Portugal, Netherlands in 1500s

French & English in 1600s

19
Q

Who were the first Europeans in the New World?

A

Norsemen (Vikings): Leaf Erickson

20
Q

Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?

A

Prince of Portugal who encouraged sailors to learn and explore

21
Q

Famous Explorers and their Sponsers

A

Christopher Columbus- spain (Discovered America)

Magellan- Spain (first to go around the whole world- sailed)

Champlain, Verrazano, Cartier, LaSalle, Father Marquette, Joliet- France

Henry Hudson (Dutch and Netherlands) Hudson River

John Cabot- England (North America)

22
Q

Why were the European countries rivalries during Colonial Expansion about America?

A

Competition for land, goods, trade, slave trade, Atlantic fishing

This is when England and France began to be bitter enemies (Ange-French Conflict)

23
Q

What part of North America did the English and French control during Colonialism?

A

England was the 13 colonies- land along Atlantic Ocean, well populated, and many items for trade including fish, tobacco, and furs

France controlled Louisiana terrirtory, less populated, but very large

Competition intense for goods

Also in competition for India

24
Q

What led to the French and Indian Wars?

A

The issue of control of the land west of the Appalacia Mountains between French and English

25
Q

What was the Scientific Revolution?

A

end of 16th century, Galileo expermented with motion and came up with laws of motion

Issac Newton

birth of physics

26
Q

What was the Agricultural Revolution?

A

Engand, experimenting with technology to increase production of crops. Technology was in connection with the invention of the steam engine for tractors and the Industrial Revolution

27
Q

What was the Industrial Revolution?

A

England, development of power driven machinery fueled by coal and steam, large factories replaced home workshops, changed society in a huge way. Industrialized Nations needed to get goods so they could use them in their factories

28
Q

What period was characterized in Western countries by the opposing political ideas of Democracy and Nationalism?

A

1700’s - 1800’s

29
Q

What was the Enlightenment?

A

period of intense self study that foused on ethics and logic

influenced political leaders of the time including Founding Fathers in America

30
Q

What famous saying was from the Enlightenment era?

A

“I think, therefore, I am” said by Rene Descartes, a French Philosopher

31
Q

Who were important tihnkers of the Enlightenment?

A

France: Rene Discartes

Rousseau, created idea of social contract. Government exists because people want it. People will submit to Government as long as they protect people

England: David Hume, (believer of empiricism- seeing is believing and skeptism- suspicious of what other people say, so you search out the truth youself)

John Locke, believed in social contract. One of the most influenctial political writers and wrote that if Governments violate the rights of people, the people should rebel influenced the Patriots in America during the Revolution

Germany: Kant. Philosopher and Scientist, took Scientist view of world

America: Thomas Jefferson, believed in Social Contract

32
Q

What 3 Revolutions occured as a result of the Enlightenment?

A
  1. American Revolution
  2. French Revolution
  3. Russian Revolution
33
Q

Compare the American, French, and Russian Revolutions.

A

American Revolution: freedom of colonists from Great Britain, with help from France

French Revolution: revolt of the middle and lower classes against nobles, rulers, and the church because of unacceptable living conditions

Russian Revolution: 1917 Tsar Nicholas II abdicated and established democracy. Bolshevicks took over and set up world’s Marxist (Communist) state

34
Q

What was going on in Latin America during the 1800’s?

A
  1. Napolean took over Spain and Portugal in Latin America, people formed Juntas (committees) to show loyalty to King Ferdenand of Spain. Juntas declared Independence
  2. Miguel Hidalgo, priest fought for racial fairness with Indians and Whites in Mexico
  3. Simon Bolivar- fought for the freedom of Venezela, including against King Ferinand after he resumed power of Spain. Worked with San Martin helped to win Peru’s independence, and eventually rid South America of Spanish control.
  4. In Brazil, Queen Maria of Portegul escaped from Napolean and went to Brazil. Her son Joao became King of Brazil. His son Padro, eventually decalred independce from Portegul and became Emperor of Brazil.

Domain 1 (9 decks)

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