Biochem: Macromolecules

Question 1

Formula for monosaccharides

Answer 1

CnH2nOn

Question 2

What kind of bond is a glycosidic linkage? How is it formed?

Answer 2

Covalent bond between monosaccharides, formed by dehydration synthesis

Question 3

What kind of linkages exist directly b/w monomers and linkages for branches in glycogen

Answer 3

alpha 1,4 b/w monosaccarides

alpha 1,6 for branching

Question 4

Only _____ even/odd numbered fatty acids are made in human cells

Answer 4

Even

Question 5

_____Saturated/unsaturated fatty acids have ____cis/trans double bond(s) in chain

Answer 5

Unsaturated

Cis

Question 6

lipase

Answer 6

Hydrolyze fats

Question 7

How is a phospholipid different than a triglyceride?

Answer 7

One of the fatty acid chains is phosphate instead

Question 8

______ increasing/decreasing fatty acid tails increases fluidity of membrane

Answer 8

decreasing

Question 9

What is a Terpene? What is a isoprene?
Why are terpenes important?
Chemical formula?

Answer 9

Terpene (another kind of lipid) = simple hydrocarbon
Build form multiple isoprene units so super hydrophobic
Need at least 2 isoprene units to form a terpene
Squalene = 6 isoprenes in it so 3 terpenes (triterpene) so classified as tri terpene

Terpene precursor to steroids in biosynthesis (cholesterol)! And component of earwaxe
Terpenes form cholesterol (type of steroid)

(C5H8)n

Question 10

Terpenoid (not as important)

Answer 10

natural and synthetically derived species that are built from an isoprene skeleton and functionalized with other elements (O,N,S, etc)
ex Vitamin A

Question 11

What is signature structure of a steroid?

Answer 11

All you need to know about structure is that it has 3 six carbon rings + five-carbon ring

If have this it is cholesterol or derivative of cholesterol

Question 12

Diff b/w alpha and beta glycosidic linkages between monosaccharides

Answer 12

Alpha bond on same side

Beta literally looks like B with one going up and other down

Question 13

What kind of bond do humans normally have for monosaccharides: alpha or beta? What are the numbers?

Answer 13

Glycogen serves as E storage carbohydrate for humans and is composed of thousands of glucose units joined in alpha 1,4 linkages and alpha 1,6 branches.
We typically have alpha (mostly) and some beta (lactose) BUT we can not hydrolyze beta-1,4 linkages of cellulose