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NRSG 200: Med Surg 3 > [Exam 1/Final] Chapter 32/34: Hematologic Disorders > Flashcards

[Exam 1/Final] Chapter 32/34: Hematologic Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Hematologic Ssytem?

A

The blood and the blood forming sites, including bone marrow and RES system

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2
Q

What is plasma

A

Fluid portion of blood

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3
Q

What is included in the blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes.

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4
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

RBC formation which occurs in marrow. RBC lifespan is very short

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5
Q

Bone Marrow: Where does production occur?

A

Pelvis, ribs, vertebrae, sternum

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6
Q

Bone Marrow: What are the types of stem cells?

A

Myeloid and Lymphoid

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7
Q

Bone Marrow: What are myeloid cells?

A

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets

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8
Q

Bone Marrow: What are lymphoid cells?

A

Lymphocytes, which include T and B Cells

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9
Q

Bone Marrow: What does the stroma do?

A

Produces colony stimulating factors. The yellow marrow is the largest component

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10
Q

Erythrocytes: What are the types?

A

Hemoglobin and reticulocytes (immature rbcs)

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11
Q

Erythrocytes: Iron is stored as what?

A

Ferratin and released in plasma when there is a iron deficiency

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12
Q

Erythrocytes: Average lifespan of cell?

A

120 days

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13
Q

Leukocytes: What are the two types?

A

GRanulocytes and Agranulocytes

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14
Q

Leukocytes: Whats included in granulocytes?

A

Eosinophiles Basophils, Neutrophils

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15
Q

Leukocytes: Whats included in agranulocytes?

A

Monocytes, Lymphocytes

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16
Q

Thrombocytes: This helps with what?

A

Clotting.

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17
Q

Thrombocytes: What regulates this?

A

Thrombopoietin and Fibrin (this helps promote clotting)

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18
Q

Plasma and Plasma Proteins: Albumin important why

A

Keeps fluid within the vascular space. Impacts fluid balance

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19
Q

Bone Marrow Aspiration: How is this done?

A

Sample taken from iliac crest. Can cause sharp brief pain.

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20
Q

Bone Marrow Aspiration: When would this be done?

A

If concerned with patient having hematologic cancer.

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21
Q

Bone Marrow Aspiration: This assesses what?

A

How RBCs being made and their quantity/quality.

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22
Q

Bone Marrow Aspiration: What complications may occur?

A

Achey site, pain, bleeding, infection at site.

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23
Q

Stem Cells: What do T cells do?

A

Kill foreign cells directly

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24
Q

Stem Cells: What do B Cells do?

A

Produce antibodies

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25
Hematologic Cancers: These all start with what?
Stem Cells
26
Hematologic Cancers: Myeloid stem cancers incldue what?
Acute Myeloid Leukemima | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
27
Hematologic Cancers: Lymphoid cancers incldue what?
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia | Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia
28
Hematologic Cancers: Lymph Node Cancers in B and T cells include what?
Lymphomas
29
Hematologic Cancers: How will patients appear with lymphomas?
Enlarged lymph node in patient. Pain in spleel and seen in those 20-30 years old.
30
Hematologic Cancers: Difference between Lymphoma and Leukemia?
Lymphoma in lymph node and solid mass, not painful Leukemia affects bone marrow.
31
Leukemia: What is this?
Cancer of the blood
32
Leukemia: What is within blood vessels?
RBCs, WBCs, Platelets
33
Leukemia: What happens in the bone marrow?
One of the cells (RBCs, WBCs, Platelets) begin to multiply rapidly and bone marrow can no longer make enough healthy cells
34
Leukemia: What diagnostic tests can be done?
CBC | Bone Marrow Aspiration
35
Leukemia: What will these patients complain of?
Pain, because pressure is growing inside of these bones.
36
Leukemia: How many different types are there?
4
37
Leukemia: What are teh different types?
Acute vs Chronic Myeloid vs Lymphoid
38
Leukemia: What happens with acute?
They are immature cells, are blast cells
39
Leukemia: What happens with chronic?
They are mature, but don't function as well as they do
40
Leukemia: What is included in Myeloid leukemia?
The neutrophils like WBCs, RBC, platelets
41
Leukemia: What is included in lymphoid leukemia?
Lymphocytes affecting T and B Cells.
42
Leukemia: Which one affects children?
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
43
Leukemia: Which one affects Adults aged 40?
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
44
Leukemia: Which one affects those 50-70?
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
45
Leukemia: Which one affects those older than 72?
Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia
46
Myeloid Leukemia: What is this?
Unregulated proliferation of leukocytes in the bone marrow
47
Myeloid Leukemia: Detect in what to differente into what?
Detect i stem cells that differentiates into myeloid cells
48
Myeloid Leukemia: Assessments?
CBC, Bone Marrow Aspiration
49
Myeloid Leukemia: Treatments?
Chemo, and HSCT.
50
Myeloid Leukemia: what is HSCT?
They will draw blood and will take out the stem cells and give the donates stem cells to the patients.
51
Myeloid Leukemia: What are two two different types?
AML and CML
52
Acute Myeloid Leukemmia: How quickly does this apear?
Abrupt onset over period of weeks
53
Acute Myeloid Leukemmia: What is happening here in body?
Insufficent prouduction of normal blood cells
54
Acute Myeloid Leukemmia: Signs patient will experience?
Fever/Infection. (Decreased neutrophil) WEakness Fatigue. (Decreased rbcs) Petechiae, Ecchymosis, Bleeding (decreased platelets) Bone Pain
55
Acute Myeloid Leukemmia: Treatment for this?
Induction therapy then HSCT
56
Acute Myeloid Leukemmia: What is induction therapy?
Get high dose of chemo before they retransplant with stem cells
57
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: How quicklky does this appear?
Patient asymptomatic for months to years
58
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Stages of this?
``` Chronic Transformational (Have been in chronic state then switch to blast crisis) Blast Crisis (Switches over to AML stage) ```
59
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Leukocytes number here?
>100,000. Will see decrease in RBCs, volume.
60
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: What is unique here?
Philadelphia chromosome. Can be picked up in blood work.
61
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Treatment?
Gleevec (Oral medication that prevents abnormal growth of myeloid cell) HSCT, Chemo
62
Lymphocytic Leukema: What is going on inside body here?
Uncontrolled proliferation of immature cells (lymphoblasts) of B / T Cells.
63
Lymphocytic Leukema: What types are included here?
ALL and CLL
64
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia: Most commomn with who?
Children
65
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia: How does this grow?
Immature lymphocytes proliferature in teh marrow . Impede the development of normal myeloid cells
66
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia: Freqeuent site for this?
CNS. Will often see headache, vomiting
67
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia: Treatment?
HSCT, Chemo, Dexamethasone (For inflammation)
68
Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia: What population does this affect?
Those 72 years old
69
Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia: What is going on inside body?
Is a malignant clone of lymphocytes. Most fully mature cells that escaped apoptosis. Don't die off
70
Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia: This increases what?
Amount of bone marrow that causes decreased circulation
71
Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia: WBC count here?
> 100,000
72
Lymphomas: What is this?
Cancer of lymphatic system . Neoplasm of cells of lymphoid origin
73
Lymphomas: How does this appear?
Solid mass in lymph node
74
Lymphomas: What are teh two types?
Hodgkins and Non-Hodgkins
75
Hodgkins: How common is this?
Rare
76
Hodgkins: Cure rate?
High cure rate
77
Hodgkins: What cell is specifically seen here?
Reed Sternberg cell. If they have this, they have hodgkins lymphomas
78
Hodgkins: what body system can be affected?
All body systems can be effected
79
Hodgkins: Most common finding?
Mild anemia
80
Hodgkins: What diagnostics can be performed?
CT Scan, PET Scan (Radioactive tracer given and indicates where tumor is) CBC, ESR, LFTs (Liver Function Tests), Renal Labs
81
Hodgkins: How is this treated?
Chemo, Radiation. Radiation is primary with EBRT.
82
Non-Hodgkins: What is this?
Neo-plastic cells thought to arise from single clone of lymphocytes
83
Non-Hodgkins: CM of this?
Lymphadenopathy. This is swollen lymph nodes
84
Non-Hodgkins: How will the signs present?
Swollen lymph nodes. Will manifest where the mass is.
85
Non-Hodgkins: Diagnsotics for this?
CT, Pet Scan, Bone Marrow Biopsy
86
Non-Hodgkins: Treatment determined by what?
Chemo Watchful waiting to see which type of non-hodgkins they have

NRSG 200: Med Surg 3 (46 decks)

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