Metabolic Integration Flashcards
2 central hub metabolites in metabolism?
acetyl CoA
G6P
Fed state metabolic pathways?
Glycogenesis
Glycolysis
Lipogenesis
Pentose Phosphate pathway
Fasted state metabolic pathways?
Glycogenolysis Gluconeogenesis Proteolysis Fatty acid oxidation Ketogenesis
How do very long chain fatty acids become substrates for fatty acid oxidation?
They need to pass into a peroxisome where they are broken down into smaller chains that can be passed through the carnitine shuttle
Cori cycle in brief?
Non-gluconeogenic anaerobic organ cycles lactate into blood
Liver regenerates glucose from lactate
Glucose passed into blood and then respired by non-gluconeogenic anaerobic organ
Major hormone signal of substrate excess or fed state?
Insulin
Major hormone signal of substrate deficiency or fasted state? What organ does this act on?
Glucagon
Liver only
Major hormone signal from diverting metabolism towards ATP production?
Adrenaline
Stimulating effects of insulin?
Glucose uptake Glycolysis Lipogenesis Fatty acid uptake by adipose and storage Protein synthesis
Inhibitory effects of insulin?
Gluconeogensis and glucose release Glycogenolysis Fatty acid mobilisation Ketogenesis Protein breakdown
Chronic effects of these signalling hormones?
Gene transcription of proteins involved in the metabolic pathways they stimulate
How does skeletal muscle prioritise fatty acid oxidation over glycolysis to generate acetyl CoA for the Krebs cycle?
Acetyl CoA inhibits Pyruvate dehydrogenase which makes acetyl CoA from pyruvate, thus inhibiting glycolysis
