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Biology SBI3U1 > 10.1 Kahoot - Macromolecules & Enzymes > Flashcards

10.1 Kahoot - Macromolecules & Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

What does intracellular mean?

A

Inside of the cell

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2
Q

Interstitial fluid is fluid found where?

A

Between the cells

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3
Q

Organic molecules are

A
  • carbon-based
  • Larger than inorganic molecules
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4
Q

Which of the following correctly identifies the 4 major macromolecules?

A

Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and lipids

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5
Q

What elements combine to form Carbohydrates?

A

C,H,O

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6
Q

3 types of carbohydrates:

A

Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, Polysaccharide

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7
Q

What is the standard molecular formula of monosaccharides?

A

C6H12O6

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8
Q

Name 3 monosaccharides?

A

Glucose, fructose, galatose

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9
Q

What would be the correct formula for a dissacharide?

A

C12H22O11

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10
Q

What is an isomer?

A

Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structure

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11
Q

Where is fructose found?

A

Fruit

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12
Q

A disaccharide is:

A

when two monosaccharides are joined together

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13
Q

What happens in a Dehydration synthesis reaction?

A

removing water to build a larger molecule.

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14
Q

Two sugars are linked to form a disaccharide. This requires a _____ reaction that would _____ water.

A

dehydration synthesis; release

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15
Q

Name 3 disaccharides?

A

Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose

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16
Q

Table sugar, sucrose is made from

A

A glucose and a fructose

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17
Q

A disaccharide forms when:

A

two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis

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18
Q

Lactose is found in which type of food?

A

milk

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19
Q

A function of mono- and disaccarides includes:

A

Energy source

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20
Q

Polysacharrides are the polymers of which macromolecule?

A

Carbohydrates

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21
Q

Polysacharides are?

A

long chains of monosaccharides</b>

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22
Q

Are polysaccharides insoluble or soluble

A

Insoluble

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23
Q

Types of polysaccharide include:

A

starch, chitin, cellulose, glycogen

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24
Q

Where is glycogen found in humans?

A

Liver and muscle

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25
Q

Where is cellulose found in plants?

A

In cell wall

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26
Q

What is the name of the polysaccarhide that potatoes use as energy storage?

A

Starch

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27
Q

what is the function of polysaccharides?

A

energy storage and structure

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28
Q

Lipids are also called….

A

fats

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29
Q

Lipids contain what elements?

A

C, H, O

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30
Q

What is one major function of Lipids?

A

Long term energy storage

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31
Q

Are lipids soluble in water?

A

no

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32
Q

A Triglyceride is made of?

A

glycerol, 3 fatty acids

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33
Q

A triglyceride forms when:

A

glycerol and fatty acids join by dehydration synthesis

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34
Q

In dehydration synthesis of a triglyceride, how many waters are produced?

A

3

35
Q

What is a fatty acid?

A

a subunit of most lipids

36
Q

What is the structure of a fatty acid?

A

Hydrocarbon chain with carboxyl group at ONE end

37
Q

Saturated fatty acids have

A

no double bonds between the carbon atoms

38
Q

What are saturated fats saturated with?

A

Hydrogen

39
Q

Where are saturated fats found?

A

Animal based products

40
Q

Saturated fats are…

A

Solid at room temperature

41
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A

contain at least one double bond

42
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A

Come from plants and are liquids

43
Q

Why are unsaturated fats liquid at room temperature?

A

C=C double bonds form kinks which prevent alignment.

44
Q

What type of lipid forms the cell membrane?

A

phospholipids

45
Q

What does hydrophobic mean?

A

Water Hating

46
Q

What is the general structure of phospholipid molecules?

A

1 hydrophillic phosphate head, 2 hydrophobic fatty acid tails

47
Q

What part of the phospholipid is hydrophillic?

A

Head

48
Q

What is the monomer of proteins?

A

amino acids

49
Q

What is NOT a function of proteins?

A

Quick energy

50
Q

What elements are amino acids primarily made of

A

C, H, O, N

51
Q

What part of the amino acid changes for the different types?

A

R group

52
Q

How many amino acids do humans use?

A

~20

53
Q

Essential amino acids are…

A

not made by the human body

54
Q

How many of the amino acids we require for our proteins are “essential”?

A

9

55
Q

What reaction bonds together amino acids into a polypeptide?

A

dehydration synthesis

56
Q

The bond between two amino acids is called ____________

A

peptide bond

57
Q

What protein structure is represented by the amino acid chain twisting and folding?

A

Secondary

58
Q

What protein structure is represented by more than one polypeptide chain folding together?

A

Quaternary

59
Q

What protein structure is represented by just a straight chain of amino acids?

A

Primary

60
Q

What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

61
Q

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotide

62
Q

What are the subunits of a nucleotide?

A

A pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group

63
Q

what is the general structure of DNA?

A

Double Helix

64
Q

In DNA Guanine pairs with _________________.

A

Cytosine

65
Q

In DNA Adenine pairs with _________________.

A

Thymine

66
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

Nucleus of Cells

67
Q

In DNA, what type of bond holds the 2 strands together?

A

Hydrogen

68
Q

In RNA Adenine pairs with _________________.

A

Uracil

69
Q

How is DNA different than RNA?

A
  • RNA is a single strand while DNA is double stranded
  • RNA has the base uracil while DNA has thymine
  • RNA contains the sugar ribose while DNA has deoxyribose
70
Q

Which is a function of RNA?

A

Transfer genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

71
Q

Which macromolecule make up the enzymes that your body needs to function?

A

Proteins

72
Q

How do enzymes help reactions?

A

Decrease activation energy

73
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance that speeds up reactions

74
Q

TRUE/FALSE: Catalysts never get used up in a reaction

A

True

75
Q

Part of enzyme that fits into substrate

A

active site

76
Q

What is the term used to describe when an enzyme changes shape and becomes unusable?

A

Denatured

77
Q

What type of reaction is used to break down macromolecules into their monomers?

A

hydrolysis

78
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

Breaking bonds using water

79
Q

What is the common ending of all enzyme names?

A

-ase

80
Q

Enzyme that breaks down lipids:

A

lipase

81
Q

Induced fit refers to which of the following characteristics of enzymes?

A

There is a minor shift in the active site shape that optimizes reactions

82
Q

What is true about enzymes and temperature?

A

They only work within a specific tempertatrue range.

83
Q

which statement best describes enzymes and pH?

A

Enzymes may have different optimum pH’s for them to work

Biology SBI3U1 (39 decks)

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