101 Lab Homework Questions Flashcards by Brian Beltz

While performing hand hygiene, how long should you wash your hands?

15 seconds minimum

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Normal Adult Vital Ranges

HR: 60-100 beats/min
RR: 12-18 beats/min
BP: Systolic 90-140 mmHg/Diastolic 60-90 mmHg

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Explain AIDET

A = Acknowledge: Patient and family when entering room
I = Introduction: Introduce yourself when entering a room to patient and family
D = Duration: Communicate to patient and family duration of procedures, or medication use
E = Explanation: Explain how procedures, treatment, or medication will be done to patient and family
T = Thank patient and family for allowing you to do treatment

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What is the easiest way to prevent nosocomial infection and prevent the spread of infection?

Hand Hygiene

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Purpose of interview conducted by RT to Pt.

Establish a rapport between RT and Pt.
Obtain info essential for making a diagnosis
Help monitor changes in the patient’s symptoms and response to therapy

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Define Vesicular

Breath sounds heard over normal lung parenchyma. Characterized by a soft muffled sound quality and intensity. Heard during inhalation

Normal Lung Sounds

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Define Adventitious

Abnormal lung sounds. additional sounds or vibrations produced by air movement through diseased airways

Abnormal Lung Sounds

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Define Stridor, Crackles, Wheezes

Stridor: A loud, high pitched, continuous type of adventitious lung sound heard from the upper airway

Crackles: A discontinuous type of adventitious lung sound

Wheezes: A high pitched continous type of adventitious lung sound

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What are two positive outcomes from using a SVN

Improvement of lung sounds
Patient feels better

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When would you add a bubbler? When does the “pop off” sound

Flow rates 4 Lpm or greater
Patient complains of dryness or irritation “discomfort”

2 mmHg bubbler will pop off if blocked

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Most common indication for using a mist tent on a toddler

Croup

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Define Environmental Therapy. What are 2 things it provides patients. Give an example of Environmental Environment

Def: Enclosing a patient in a controlled O2 atmosphere
Provides:
1. Concurrent aerosol therapy
2. Temperature control
Mist tents are an example of Environmental environment

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How long would an E cylinder last if your patient uses 2 Lpm of oxygen and the pressure is at 1800 psi

Tank PSI X Tank Factor / Flow Rate

1800 * .28 / 2 = 504/2 = 252 252/60min = 4.2
.2 * 60sec = 12 Tank will last 4 hours and 12 minutes

E tank factor = .28 H tank factor = 3.14 Max Tank = 2200 PSI

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How do you store cylinders (3 examples)

Store cylinder in racks or chained to the wall
Store cylinder away from any combustible or flammable material
Segregate cylinder by gas types and by full/empty

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What are the safety systems for the E and H Tanks

E Tank: (PISS) Pin index safety system. Uses a pin system

H Tank: (ASSS) American standard safety system. Uses a threading system

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What are two things you can check to make sure that you are selecting the appropriate cylinder

Check the printed label
Check the color of medical gas cylinder

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What would you do if O2 analyzer is not indicating as expected and it’s been calibrated?

Change battery first
Change fuel cell second

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You apply a nasal cannula to a patient. 20 minutes later you come back to check to see if they are better. How would you determine this?

Put a pulse ox on patient and get reading. Verify new reading with initial reading. If there is an improvement then NC is working

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What are the problems, Hazards associated w/ wearing an O2 mask. (2)

Patients remove masks due to claustrophobia, talking, eating, etc.
The reservoir bag collapses when the patient inhales. This is due to inadequate flow rate

How do you decide what size NC to use on Pt.

It should not occlude no more than 50% of the nares

Manual Ventilation
rate
Indications (2)
Hazards (3)

1 breath every 6 seconds (10bpm)
CPR = 2 breaths after each compression cycle (30:2 or 15:2)
Apnea/gasping for breath
Ventilation during CPR
Barotrauma
Gastric distention
Pneumothorax

Providing BMV on a patient, you notice no rise or fall of the chest and no resistance.

What is wrong, and what can you do?

“Leak” somewhere. Could be due to…
1. inadequate mask seal-ensure proper position (CE Technique)
2. Valve leak. Trouble shoot or get new bag
3. Device leak. Trouble shoot or get new bag

Providing BMV on a patient, you notice no rise or fall of the chest and no resistance.

What is wrong, and what can you do?

“Obstruction” somewhere. Could be due to…
1. Anatomic-reposition head
2. Excessive secretions-suction
3. Foreign object-remove if possible
4. Bronchospasms-give bronchodilator

Name two ways to open an airway and when to use them.

Head tilt chin lift. “sniffing” position. Used when patient does not have any spinal injury or suspected spinal injury
Jaw Thrust. Used on patient with spinal injury or suspected spinal injury

How many LPM would you set the Ambu If you're bagging a patient and they are not improving, what would you do to help?

1.10-15 LPM or Max "flush" FiO2 100% with appropriate technique. 2. Add a PEEP Valve. Due to refractory hypoxemia. Valve attaches to the expiratory valve of Ambu bag a. Physiologic PEEP: 5cmH2O. Start Valve at 5cmH2O. Increase by 1. Can go up to 20cmH2O. Results will take time (1min)

Components of an AMBU Bag

1. O2 Reservoir bag 2. O2 Inlet bag 3. Self-inflating bag 4. Patient valve 5. Expiratory Valve

Incentive Spirometry (IS) How to find goal How to know if patient is improving

1. Patient height in (Inches), Sex, Age 2. Use Pulse Ox. There should be an increase in PaO2. Improved breath sounds. Decrease of elimination of atelectasis

What are indications for an oral pharyngeal airway How do you measure length of oral pharyngeal airway

1. Unconscious Patient. Want to avoid gagging and regurgitation 2. Maintain a patent airway *Measured from the corner of mouth to the angle of jaw

What are indications for a nasal pharyngeal airway How do you measure length of nasal pharyngeal airway

1. A patient who requires frequent nasal trachael suctioning 2. Maintain a patent airway *Used on conscious and unconscious patients *Measured from tip of nose to tragus of ear

What is the minimum frequency that trach care should be performed

Once a shift or as needed

During trach care the cuff pressure should be maintained at

20-30 cmH2O

Supplies that should be bedside of trach patient (5)

1. Suction supplies 2. Extra cannulas, Trach tubes (same size/1 size smaller), Trach ties 3. O2 with Ambu bag 4. Trach care kit 5. Obturator 6. PPE/Sterile gloves

What are some tracheostomy indications (3)

1. Patient w/long term need for an artificial airway 2. Severe upper airway obstruction or trauma 3. Patients w/poor upper airway protective reflexes

What are some factors to consider when switching from endotracheal tube to tracheostomy?

1. Projected time the patient will need an artificial airway 2. Pt's tolerance of an endotracheal tube 3. Pt's overall condition 4. Pt's ability to tolerate a surgical procedure 5. Relative risk of continued endotracheal intubation vs. tracheostomy

Don and Dof PPE

Don: 1.HH, Bonnet, Mask, Booty's, HH, Gown, Gloves Dof: 1. Bonnet, Booty's, Gown, Gloves, HH, Mask, HH, Gloves, Clean equipment, HH

What would you wear all the time for a patient who is in standard precautions

Gloves

When would you Don a N95 mask

Whenever around patients that have an airborne transmitted disease. Examples would be M. Tuberculosis and Covid

When would you need to wash your hands and not just use hand sanitizer

Dealing with patients that have Clostridioides difficile (C.Diff)

2 examples of disinfectants

1. Chemical Sterilant 2. Pasteurization

2 examples of sterilization

1. Steam 2. Immediate use (Flash)

2 examples of contact isolation

1. Hep A 2. HIV

2 examples of droplet isolation

1. Mumps 2. Rubella

Directed cough is useful in helping maintain airway clearance in? What are 3 types of directed cough techniques

1. Bronchiectasis, Bronchitis, Cystic Fibrosis (CF), Neuromuscular disease 2. Splint, Huff, Quad

What inspiratory flow rate is needed while using an DPI

40-60 LPM

When is it appropriate to use a peak flow meter or what pulmonary disease process

1. When diagnosing a patient with asthma 2. When conducting a pre & post bronchodilator IS test

What are the peak flow zones

Green: 80-100% Yellow: 60-79% Red: 59% or less *Of personal best

What percentage of improvement is considered a good bronchodilator response What percentage is considered consistent when conducting the test

1. 15% 2. 5%