Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

zoology > Reproductive Health > Flashcards

Reproductive Health Flashcards

1
Q

According to ____, reproductive health refers to total well being in all aspects of reproduction

A

WHO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are all the aspects of reproduction

A

Physical
Behavioral
Emotional
Social

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

India is the first country of the world to start ____

A

Family planning programme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Family planning programme started in _____ year

A

1951

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In _____ year, family planning programme became family ____ programme

A

1977

Welfare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In 1997 , _____ healthcare programme started

A

Reproductive and child healthcare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Study of population is called

A

Demography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

According to 2001 census,

India’s growth rate is ____

A

1.7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Growth rate of India is less than ____

A

2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Our population increases rapidly due to (4)

A

Rapid decline in death rate

Maternal mortality rate decreased

Infant mortality rate decreased

Increase in number of reproductively active population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Contraception is aka

A

Birthcontrol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is contraception

A

Technique thru which unwanted birth can be prevented without affecting reproductive health of individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ideal contraceptives should have following properties (6)

A

User friendly

Easily available

Highly effective

Reversible

Least or no side effect

Do not change sex desire or sexual act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

____ method of contraception does not require any device or medicine

A

Natural method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Natural method of contraception includes 3 methods namely

A

Rhythm method

Withdrawal method

Lactational amenorrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rhythm method is aka(3)

A

Periodic abstinence

Calendar method

Safe period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In rhythm method, sex is avoided from __-__ day of menstural cycle because

A

10th to 17th day

During this period ovulation May occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

At the time of ovulation, ___ releases from ____

A

Thin mucus

Cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If we take the thin mucus releases during ovulation in between our fingers, then wires are formed… through this, a test can be performed known as

A

Spinnbarkeit test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

World population was ? In 1850

A

1 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In ____ world population was 2 billion

A

1900

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In 2000, the world population was

A

6 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

At the time of independence, India’s population was

A

350 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In May 2000, population of India was ?

A

1 billion

Meaning every 1 in 6 people on earth was Indian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In 2010, population of India was

A

1.23 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

In ____ year, population of India was 1.25 billion

A

2011

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What happens in withdrawal method of contraception

A

Male withdraws penis from vagina before ejaculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Failure rate is v. High in withdrawal method of contraception because

A

Pre mature ejaculation of sperm May occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is lactational amenorrhoea

A

During intense lactation, prolactin in high so it gives negative feedback to FSH and LH so ovulation stops so follicles aren’t formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Lactational amenorrhoea is valid up to _____ months after parturition

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In Barriar method of contraception, meeting of sperm and ova is don’t by using (5)

A

Male condoms

Female condoms

Diaphragm

Cervical cap

Vault cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Male and female condom are made of

A

Latex or rubber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How many rings does male condom have

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How many rings does female condom have

A

2 (1 closed and 1 open)

Closed ring goes up the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is diaphragm

A

Tubular rubber sheath, covers inner surface of vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is cervical cap

A

Rubber nipple like structure which is fitted over cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is vault

A

Hemispherical or dome shaped structure which covers the cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Government condom

A

Nirodh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

In chemical method of contraception, what do chemicals do

A

destroy plasma membrane of sperm and inhibit O2 uptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Name 2 vaginal foam and tablets

A

Today

Chlormin T/ contab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Sponge tablet example

A

Nonoxynol 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Jelly or cream examples

A

Dip as (Nim 76)

Delfen

Perceptin/ volpar paste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Name some chemicals which are used as spermicides

A

ZnSO4

KMnO4

Lactic acid

Boric acid

Citric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

IUD full form

A

Intra uterine device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

IucD full form

A

Intrauterine contraceptive device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

___ is an ideal contraceptive for females to delay preganancy and space between children

A

Intra uterine device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What do all IuDs do

A

Increase phagocytosis of sperm within the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Name the 3 types of IuDs

A

Non medicated or inert

Copper releasing or Cu-T

Hormone releasing IUD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Non medicated IuD example

A

Lippes loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

lippes loop is made of

A

plastic +BaSo4

STEEL+BASO4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

NON MEDICATED iUdS SHOW _____ WITHIN UTERUS

A

phagocytosis of sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

name 3 copper releasing IuDs

A

cu-t
cu-7
multiload 375

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

what do copper releasing IuDs do?

A

release Cu which suppresses sperm motility, so, fertilisation capacity of sperm decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

name 2 hormone releasing IuDs

A

LNG(levongestral) 20

progestasert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

what do hoprmone releasing IuDs do?

A

make uterus unsuitable for implantation and also makes cervix hostile for sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

what is the principle of oral pills

A

oral pills increase progesterone and oestrogen level in females, so FSH and LH decrease so no Graafian follicle so no ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

name the 3 actions of oral pills

A

prevent implantation
makes cervical mucus thick
motility of sperm decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

if oral pill contqains only progesterone, it is called

A

micropill or minipill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

if oral pill contains both progesterone and estrogen it is called

A

combined pill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

oral pills shd be taken from __ day of mensturation taken till __ day

A

first day to 28th day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

wrt oral pills, ___ days are pill free days

A

7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

if a female forgets to take oral pills, what can she do

A

she can take 2 pills on the next day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

synthetic progesterone is called

A

nor ethisterone acetate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

synthetic oestrogen is called

A

ethynyl estrdiol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

name a monthly oral pill

A

quinesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

name the 2 govewrnment daily oral pills

A

mala n

mala d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

____ is the new oral pill developed by ____ (in ___)

A

saheli
CDRI (central drug research institute)
lucknow ,up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

saheli is a ___,___ pill

A

non steroidal and non hormonal pill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

saheli contains __ chemical

A

centchroman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

centchroman acts as

A

acts as estrogen modulator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

saheli is taken ____ (time)

A

taken once a week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

saheli is anti ___

A

estrogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

saheli doesnt effect ____

A

ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

____ is a male contraceptive pill

A

Gossypol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

gossypol is present in ___

A

cotton seed

76
Q

color of gossypol

A

yellow

77
Q

why is gossipol BANNED

A

it inhibits spermaatiogenesis and may cause permanent azzospermia

78
Q

in july 2000, china made progesterone pills for male, 1st time in the world

A

:)

79
Q

in injectable contraceptives , progesterone and estrogen containing injections are given ___

A

intramuscularly

80
Q

3 examples of injectable contraceptives

A

DMPA
depo provera
lunelle

81
Q

___ are hormone containg v.small rod like structures mad of ___

A

implants

silicon

82
Q

implants conmtain ____ and ___ hormone

A

estrogen and progesteronme

83
Q

implants provide ___ term contraception and duration?>

A

long term

3 to 5 years

84
Q

where are implants implanted

A

under the skin of upper arm

85
Q

implants can be divided into (2)

A

nor plants and implanon

86
Q

in norplant ___ rods are implanted

A

6 rods are implanted in norplant

87
Q

____ rods are implanted in implanon

A

1 rod

88
Q

noplants works till

___ years

A

5 years

89
Q

implanon works upto — years

A

3 years contraception

90
Q

______are treatments of unprotected sex

sexual assault, missed pills etc

A

emergency contraceptives

91
Q

emergency contraceptives are aka

A

morning after pills

92
Q

the mechanism of emergency contraceptives is same as that of oral pills, but _____ is given

A

higher dose

93
Q

what is the principle of oral pills

A

oral pills increase progesterone and oestrogen level in females, so FSH and LH decrease so no Graafian follicle so no ovulation

94
Q

3 examples of emergency contraceptives

A

N oral
Ovidon
i pill

95
Q

surgical method of contraception is aka

A

terminal method

sterilisation

96
Q

if both vas deferens cut and tied it is called

A

vasectomy

97
Q

if both fallopian tube cut and tied is is known as

A

tubectomy

98
Q

after tubectomy secondary oocyte doesn’t reach fertilisation site

A

:)

99
Q

after vasectomy sperm count is not zero becausse

A

some sperms have already reached the seminal vesicles

100
Q

effect on mensturation after 3tubectomy

A

no effect on mensturatrion

101
Q

sterilisation is highly effective

A

:))

102
Q

if female takes Mifepristone or Ru468 or french drug what happens

A

if mifepristone is given to pregnant fenlae, her progesterone level suddenly declines and abortion may occur

103
Q

what is medical termination of pregnancy

A

intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full form foetus is formed (LEGALLY)

104
Q

around _____ MTPs are performed worldwide per year

A

40-50 milliion

105
Q

about ___ of the total pregnanciesa re medically terminated

A

1/5th

106
Q

mtp act in india was est in

A

1971`

107
Q

mtp is safe upto ___ weeks of pregnacy aka ___

A

12 weeks’

1st trimester

108
Q

medical termination of pregnancy is risky in 2nd trimester

A

:))

109
Q

medical termination of pregnancy is legal upto

A

20 weeks

110
Q

in which years ammendment of mtp act was made

A

2017

2021

111
Q

in 2021 amendment of mtp act, what happend

A

limit of 20 weeks extended

112
Q

misuse of mtp

A

female foeticide

113
Q

name 5 side effects of contracenptives

A 
nausea
abdominal discomfert
increased chance of breast cancer
irregular menstural cycle
bleeding increases during menstural cycle
114
Q

insertion of IuDs within 72 hours of unprotected ssex acts as

A

an emergeny contraceptoive

115
Q

female condomes are aka

A

femidom

vaginal pouch

116
Q

___ age group are most commonly affected by STDs

A

15-24 years

117
Q

STDs are aka

A

veneral disease (frm venus or god of love) or reproductive tract infections (RTI)

118
Q

genital hepres, AIDs and hepatitis B are curable or uncurable

A

uncurable

119
Q

name 4 early symptoms of STDs

A

itching
fluid discharge
slight pain
swelling

120
Q

name 6 complications of STDs

A 
pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID)
abortion
]still borth (dead child is born)
ectopic pregnancy
infertility
cancer of genital organs
121
Q

STDs can be prevented by (3)

A

avoid sex with unknown or multiple partners

always use condoms during coitus

in case of any doubt go to a qualified doctor and get proper treatment

122
Q

which is the most common STD

A

chlamydiasis

123
Q

chlamydiasis is caused by bacteria _____

A

chlamydia trachomatis

124
Q

chlamydiasis can pass from mom to infant

A

:)

125
Q

test of chlamydiasis can be done by

A

culture method or gram staining

126
Q

2 antibiotics that can be taken to prevent chlamydiasis

A

tetracycline

doxycycline

127
Q

gonorrhoes is aka

A

clap disease (as both female and male have to meet)

128
Q

gonorrhoea is caused by ___ bacteria

A

neisseria gonorrhoea

129
Q

gonorrhoea can pass from mother to baby

A

:))

130
Q

_____ is used to prevent eye infection in infants due to gonorrhoea

A

1% AgNO3 solution

131
Q

___ is used to detect gonorrhoea

A

culture method

132
Q

3 antibiotics for gonorrhoea

A

penicillin, tetracycline, ceftriaxone

133
Q

syphilis is caused by ___ bacteria

A

treponema pallidum

134
Q

latent perid of syphilis

A

20 years

135
Q

latent period of AIDS

A

5 years

136
Q

in syphilis if nervous system is affected it is called

A

neurosyphilis

137
Q

syphilis has ___ stages

A

3 stagees

138
Q

what is seen in primary syphilis

A

painless open sore with hard base

139
Q

what happens in secondary syphilis

A

fever, joint pain ,skin rash

140
Q

what happens in tertiary syphilis

A

organs are degenrated

141
Q

what is the test of syphilis

A

VDRL test (Veneral Disease research lab)

142
Q

antibiotic for syphilis

A

penicillin

143
Q

is there any cure for genital herpes

A

no

144
Q

genital herpes is caused by

A

herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2)

145
Q

what happens in genital herpes

A

blisters on genital organs that appear and dissapear

146
Q

name 2 tests ffor genital herpes

A

PCR(polymerase chain rxn)

antigen detection

147
Q

2 antibiotics that can be taken for genital herpes

A

acylovir

zovirax

148
Q

mouth ulser is caused by

A

HSV 1 (herpes simplex virus 1)

149
Q

chanchoroid is caused by

A

haemophilis ducreyi bascteria

150
Q

haemophilis ducreyi is which type of bacteria

A

gram negative bacteria

151
Q

what symptoms can be noticed in chanchoroid?

A

painful soft ulcers with necrotic base

necrosis:Death of cells or tissue through disease or injury.

152
Q

what is the test of chancoroid

A

culture test

153
Q

what medicene is gioven in chanchoroid

A

azithromycine

ceftriaxone

154
Q

genital warts are caused by ____

A

human papiloma virus (HPV)

155
Q

what happens in genital worts?

A

soft, moist, pink , cauliflower like growth on genital organs

156
Q

genital warts may cause __

A

cancer

157
Q

test for genital wort

A

antibody detection

PCR

158
Q

3 treatments of genital worts?

A

alpha interferon (anti viral particles)

podophyllin (medicene)

cryotherapy (put liq.N2 on wart)

159
Q

trichomoniasis is aka

A

leucorrhoea

160
Q

trichomoniasis is caused by

A

trichomonas vaginalis (protozoa)

161
Q

trichomoniasis causes ___ in vagina and _____

A

inflammation in vagina

yellow color discharge from vagina

162
Q

test for trichomoniasis

A

culture test

163
Q

which antibotics are given for trichomoniasis

A

metronidazole

tinidazole

164
Q

if a couple show regular unprotected sex and female does not get preg. within one to two years it is known as

A

infertility

165
Q

permanent infertililty is called

A

sterility

166
Q

infertility is of ____ types

A

two

167
Q

what is primary infertilitry

A

female never concieves (prg.) prviously

168
Q

what isw secondary infertility

A

female was previously pregnant, but presently cant get preg.

169
Q

read the 10 reasons for infertility in male frm nb

A

and 7 for female too

170
Q

ART full form

A

assisted reproductive techniques (used to treat infertility)

171
Q

name the two methods of assisted reproductive techniques

A

in vitro (fertilisation occur outside the female body)

in vivo ( fertilisation occurs inside the female body)

172
Q

name the 3 methods of in vitro fertilisation

A

ZIFT (zygote intra fallopian tube transfer)

IuT (intra uterine transfer)

ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection)

173
Q

name the tree methods of in vivo fertilisation

A

GIFT (gamete intra fallopian tube transfer)

AI (artificial insemination)

IUI (intra uterine insemination)

174
Q

what happens in ZIFT

A

first zygote is formed in the lab
zygote or embryo upto 8 celled stage transfer into fallopian tube of female

(zift:zygote intrafallopian transfer)

175
Q

what happens in IuT

A

zygote formed in lab

embryo more than 8 celled stage implamted into uterus of female (iut: intra uterine transefer)

176
Q

what happens in ICSI

A

sperm is directly injected into cytoplasm of ova

intra cytoplasmic sperm injection

177
Q

what is GIFT

A

sperm and ova directly injected into fallopian tube

gamete intra fallopian tube transfer

178
Q

what is AI

A

semen in injected into vagina
(artificial insemination)’
(semen stored in sperm bank and then semen transferrred to vagina)

179
Q

what is IUI

A

semen directly injected into uterus

intra uterine insemination

180
Q

worlds first test tube baby name ____, DOB ____, place OB:

A

Louise joy brown

25 july 1978

england

181
Q

India’s first test tube babyy

A

kumari harsha (aka durga)

182
Q

sperms are kept in sperm bank by _____ at ____ temp

A

cryopreservation

-196 C liquid nitrogen medium

183
Q

_____ is used to detect genetic/metabolic disorder or sex determination with the help of cellular analysis

A

amniocentesis

184
Q

in amniocentesis, amniotic fluid from _____ week foetus is taken which contains cells of foetus

A

14 to 15 weeks

185
Q

misuse of amniocentisis

A

female foeticide

zoology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions