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zoology > Reproduction In Organisms Zoology Part > Flashcards

Reproduction In Organisms Zoology Part Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of life span

A

Period from birth to natural death

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2
Q

Does life span depend on body size

A

Life span does NOT depend on body size

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3
Q

Life span of may fly

A

1 day

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4
Q

Butterfly life span

A

1-2 weeks

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5
Q

Fruit fly life span

A

1 month

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6
Q

Crow life span

A

15 years

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7
Q

Parrot life span

A

140 years

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8
Q

Cow life span

A

20-25 years

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9
Q

Dog life span

A

20-30 years

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10
Q

Horse life span

A

60 years

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11
Q

Crocodile life span

A

60 years

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12
Q

Elephant life span

A

60-70years

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13
Q

Tortoise life span

A

100-150 years

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14
Q

Life span is a characteristic of-

A

Species

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15
Q

Define maximum life span

A

Maximum number of years survived by any member of species

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16
Q

Average life span definition

A

Average number of years survived by members of a population

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17
Q

Define life expectancy

A

No of years an individual can expect to live

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18
Q

_____ is a feature of population

A

Life expectancy

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19
Q

Life span depends on which features (4)

A

Genetics
Morphology
Physiology
Environment

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20
Q

Name 4 stages of life

A
  1. Juvenile stage
  2. reproductive phase/maturity
  3. Senescence stage
  4. death
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21
Q

Which phase of life has max growth

A

Juvenile phase

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22
Q

Enzymatic reactions slow down during ____

A

Aging

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23
Q

Features of reproduction

A 
DNA replication 
Protein synthesis takes place
Protoplasm formation 
Gamete or spore formation 
Young ones produced
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24
Q

Define clones

A

Phenotypically and genotipically similar organisms (under similar environment conditions)

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25
Q

Asexual reproduction results in ____ formation

A

Clone

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26
Q

Variations may be found among clones called

A

Somaclonal variations

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27
Q

GxE=

Genotype, environment

A

P (phenotype is dependant on genotype and environment)

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28
Q

3 other names for asexual reproduction

A

Agamogenisis

Agamogeny

Somatogenic reproduction

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29
Q

4 advantage of asexual reproduction

A

Rapid
Uniparental
Simple
Clones formed

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30
Q

Variations among asexually reproducing organisms may be seen due to ___ or ____

A

Environment conditions

Mutation

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31
Q

Define mutation

A

Sudden change in DNA

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32
Q

3 disadvantage of asexual reproduction

A

Overcrowding
Crossing over is absent so variations don’t arise easily
Less chances of evolution

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33
Q

Name 5 types of asexual reproduction

A
  1. Binary fission
  2. Multiple fission
  3. budding
  4. plasmotomy
  5. fragmentation
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34
Q

Define binary fission

A

With the help of mitosis parent cell is divided into two daughter cells

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35
Q

Name the 4 types of binary fission

A
  1. simple
  2. longitudinal
  3. transverse
  4. oblique
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36
Q

Vorticella is aka

A

Bell animalcule

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37
Q

Eg of organisms with longitudinal binary fission

A

Euglena
Leishmania
Trypanosoma
Vorticella

(Memorise like: EL wala TV chahiye)

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38
Q

Eg of transverse binary fission

A

Paramecium
Planaria
Diatoms
Bacteria

(Memorise like : P^2 DIvyansh Bansal)

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39
Q

Oblique binary fission eg

A

Ceratium

Gonyaulax

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40
Q

____ fission is done under unfavourable conditions

A

Multiple

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41
Q

What is cyst formation called

A

Encystation

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42
Q

What is spore formation in multiple fission called

A

Sporulation

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43
Q

Spore formation occurs under which conditions

A

Favourable

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44
Q

Multiple fission in plasmodium is called

A

Schizogony

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45
Q

Eg of organisms which show multiple fission

A

Amoeba
Plasmodium
Monocystis
Slime moulds (acellular protists)

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46
Q

Schizogony occurs in (2)

A

Liver cells and RBCs of human

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47
Q

Eg of organisms that show budding

A

Yeast
Hydra
Sponges

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48
Q

Internal budding is aka

A

Endogenous budding

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49
Q

What are gemmules

A

Internal buds in sponges

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50
Q

Which cells are found in gemmules

A

Archaeocytes

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51
Q

Describe archaeocytes in 1 word

A

Totipotent in nature

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52
Q

When 1 cell can form a single organism it is called

A

Totipotent

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53
Q

1 gemmule can make

A

1 sponge

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54
Q

Gemmules are formed in ______ sponges and a few _____ sponges

A

Fresh water sponges

Marine water sponges

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55
Q

Which conditions are gemmules formed in

A

Unfavorable conditions

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56
Q

External budding takes place under which conditions

A

Favorable

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57
Q

Strobilisation is seen in

A

Taenia (tapeworm)

(New segments are formed known as proliferation or strobilisation

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58
Q

Define plasmotomy

A

Division of multinucleated parent into many multinucleated individuals without division of nucleus

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59
Q

Example of organisms which show plasmotomy

A

Slime moulds

Protozoans

Opalina (Protozoan)

Pelomyxa (Protozoan)

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60
Q

Define fragmentation

A

Parent individual broken into many parts and each part develops into new individual with the help of regeneration

61
Q

Example of organisms which show fragmentation

A 
Algae
Bryophytes
Sponges
Hydra 
Planaria
62
Q

Name the 2 types of regeneration

A

Epimorphosis

Morphallaxis

63
Q

What is epimorphosis

A

Only lost part of organism regenerates

64
Q

2 example of organisms which show epimorphosis

A

Starfish -arms

Lizard -tail

65
Q

Define morphallaxis

A

Whole body may develop from a single fragment

66
Q

Example of organisms which show morphallaxis

A

Hydra
Sponges
Planaria

67
Q

4 other names for sexual reproduction

A

Amphimixis

Amphigony

Syngenesis

Syngamy

68
Q

5 advantages of sexual reproduction

A

Crossing over occurs

Variations found

Chances of evolution increase

Adaptation increase

Hybrid vigourity

69
Q

What is hybrid vigourity called in botany

A

Heterosis

70
Q

What is hybrid vigourity

A

When the progeny is superior to parent

71
Q

If progeny is inferior to parent it is called

A

Inbreeding depression

72
Q

4 disadvantage of sexual reproduction

A

Biparental mostly

Slow process

Complex process

Fertilization acts as a chance event

73
Q

Name the 5 events in sexual reproduction

A

Gametogenesis

Gametes transfer

Fertilisation and syngamy

Zygote formation

Embryogenesis

74
Q

What is formation of ova called

A

Oogenesis

75
Q

Name the prefertilosation events

A

Gametogenesis

Gamete transfer

76
Q

Post fertilization events

A

Zygote formation

Embryogenesis

77
Q

What is formed in Embryo formation

A

Morula formation

Blastula formation

Gastrula formation

78
Q

Syngamy comes under ____ events

A

Fertilization

79
Q

____,____,___ are post fertilization activities seen during embryogenesis

A

Cell division

Cell migration

Cell differentiation

80
Q

Self fertilization is aka _____

A

Endogamy

81
Q

What is self fertilization

A

Sperm and ova of of same individual fused

82
Q

Eg of endogamy organism

A

Taenia

83
Q

Cross fertilization is aka

A

Exogamy

84
Q

Eg of organisms with cross fertilization

A

Earthworm

Leech

Fasciola (liver fluke)

85
Q

External fertilization usually occurs through

A

Water

86
Q

What are oviparous animals and eg

A

Lay eggs

Eg birds reptiles

87
Q

Animals which give child birth are called

A

Viviparous

88
Q

What are ovoviviparous animals

A

Immature child birth

89
Q

4 example of ovoviviparous animals

A

Kangaroo

Scorpion

Rattlesnake

Shark

90
Q

Chances of survival of ___ animals is more due to parental care

A

Viviparous

91
Q

Which 3 types of organisms lay fertilized eggs

A

Reptiles

Birds

Prototheria

92
Q

Underfertilized eggs are layed by

A

Fish

Frog

93
Q

_____ is a vital link that ensures continuity of species during sexual reproduction

A

Zygote

94
Q

What does zygote connect

A

Haploid and diploid generation

95
Q

Pattern of zygote formation depends on

A

Lifecycle

Environment

96
Q

___ are seasonal breeders

A

Birds

97
Q

Under _______ , birds can lay eggs throughout the entire year

A

Captive breeding conditions

98
Q

Type of reproduction depends on

A

Genetics

Morphology
Physiology

Environment

99
Q

No of chromosomes in fruit fly

A

8

100
Q

No of chromosomes in house fly

A

12

101
Q

No of chromosomes in maize

A

20

102
Q

No of chromosomes in rice

A

24

103
Q

No of chromosomes in apple

A

34

104
Q

No of chromosomes in cat

A

38

105
Q

No of chromosomes in rat

A

42

106
Q

No of chromosomes in human

A

46

107
Q

No of chromosomes in chimpanzee

A

48

108
Q

No of chromosomes in potato

A

48

109
Q

No of chromosomes in dog

A

78

110
Q

No of chromosomes in butterfly

A

380

111
Q

No of chromosomes in ophioglossum (pteridophyte)

A

1260

112
Q

No of chromosomes in ascaris

A

2

113
Q

No of chromosomes in aulacantha (Protozoa)

A

1600

114
Q

Define parthenogenesis

A

Without fertilization, embryo is formed

115
Q

Parthenogenesis can only be done by ___

A

Ova

116
Q

Parthenogenesis is aka

A

Virgin birth

117
Q

Parthenogenesis was discovered by ___ in ____

A

C bonet

Aphids (arthropod)

118
Q

Artificial parthenogenesis was discovered by _____ in__

A

G Pinus

Rabbit egg

119
Q

Artificial parthenogenesis is seen in 7

A 
Annelida 
Echinodormta
Mollusca 
Frog
Salamander 
Birds
Rabbit
120
Q

Types of parthenogenesis on the basis of off spring

A

Arrhenotoky

Thelytoky

Amphitoky

121
Q

WhAt is arrhenotoky

A

Only male birth occurs by parthenogenesis

122
Q

What is thelytoky

A

Only female birth occurs by parthenogenesis

123
Q

What is amphitoky

A

Both male and female birth occurs by parthenogenesis

124
Q

Example of arrhenotoky (6)

A

Drone of honey bee

Wasp

Tick

Mites

Spider

Rotifer

125
Q

Eg of thelytoky (3)

A

Lacerta (rock lizard)

Lepidoptera (insect)

Typhlina (snake)

126
Q

Example of amphitoky

A

Aphids

127
Q

Types of parthenogenesis on basis of mode of life

A

Complete or obligatory

Incomplete or cyclic

Paedogenesis

128
Q

Complete parthenogenesis meaning

A

Organism which gives rise to new individuals by parthenogenesis only

129
Q

Incomplete or cyclic parthenogenesis

A

Organism in which new individual formed by parthenogenesis or fertilization is sperm comes

130
Q

What is paedogenesis

A

Larva becomes sexually mature

131
Q

Eg of complete or obligatory parthenogenesis

A

Lacerta (rock lizard)

Typhlina (snake)

132
Q

Incomplete or cyclic parthenogenesis example (4)

A

Honey bee

Wasp

Turkey

Aphids

133
Q

Paedogenesis larva example

A

Sporocyst larva

Redia larva

Axolotyl larva

134
Q

Just read this

A

Parthenogenesis is a type of asexual reproduction but In this process embryo like stage is formed

135
Q

5 advantages of parthenogenesis

A

Simple

Easier

Rapid

Triploid and aneuploid can survive (which usually don’t survive under normal conditions)

Useful in sex determination

136
Q

2 disadvantage of parthenogenesis

A

No variation

No role in evolution

137
Q

Ectohormones are used for

A

Intraspecific (in between members of species)communication

138
Q

What is scientific name of silk worm

A

Bombyx mori

139
Q

Which pheromone is present in Bombyx mori

A

Bombycol

140
Q

Cat sex hormones

A

Civetone

141
Q

Wasp sex pheromones

A

Geradiol

142
Q

Honey bee sex ectohormone

A

Queen substance

143
Q

Musk deer sex hormone

A

Muscone

144
Q

In menstural cycle oestrogen hormone does or doesn’t increase drastically

A

Doesn’t

145
Q

In menstural or estrus

Cycle sex desire is less

A

Menstural

146
Q

Heat period is present or absent in primates

A

Absent

147
Q

Oviduct of frog 🐸 is modification of

A

Müllerian duct

148
Q

Larrea Tridentata life span

A

11,700 years

149
Q

Sequoia life span

A

3000 years

zoology (9 decks)

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