Chapter 1 - Plants Flashcards
What is photosynthesis?
It is a process where plants manufacture carbohydrate from raw materials using energy from light
What are the requirements of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, chlorophyll
What is biomass?
material that is composed of living cells and tissues
List all 6 structures outside the leaf.
tip, midrib, margin, lamina, vein, petiole
How does the adaptation “thin and broad” of the leaf help the plant to carry out photosynthesis?
It is thin but broad so that it has a larger surface area to allow more sunlight to reach the leaf cells.
How does the waxy cuticle help?
It prevents the leaf from drying up.
What is the function of the epidermis?
It protects the cells inside the leaf.
What is the difference between the palisade layer and the spongy layer?
palisade layer - cells to most of the photosynthesis
spongy layer - has a lot of air spaces and the cells do only a small amount of photosynthesis
What do the veins in the leaf do?
It carries water to the cells in the leaf.
What is a stoma?
a tiny hole in the lower epidermis that lets carbon dioxide get into the leaf
What is a guard cell?
can change shape to open and close the stoma to prevent water loss
List functions of the root.
-anchores the plant in the ground
-absorbs water and minerals
-stores food excess (in specialized cells)
-remains viable when surroundings become
inhospitable
What do the xylem vessels do?
transports water and minerals from roots to all parts of the plant
Why is there lignin in the xylem vessels’ cell wall?
-makes the tube strong and hard
-helps to strengthen the stem, leaves, and other
structures of the plant
-can withstand the pressure inside the vessel
