Chapter 2 - Food and Digestion

Question 1

What are nutrients?

Answer 1

chemical substances found in the food we consume

Question 2

What are the functions of nutrients?

Answer 2

• provides energy

- provide materials for making chemicals needed to make new cells and parts of the body

Question 3

List the 7 types of nutrients.

Answer 3

protein, carbohydrate, fat, fiber, water, vitamins, minerals

Question 4

List three types of diseases that are caused by the overtaking of carbohydrates.

Answer 4

high blood sugar level, obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes

Question 5

List 3 roles of protein.

Answer 5

-helps with blood clotting
-regulates fluid balance
-immune system responses
-creates the structural framework for hormones to
develop

Question 6

What are 3 diseases when one consumes too much protein?

Answer 6

• blood vessel disorders
• liver and kidney injuries
• seizures
• cardiovascular diseases

Question 7

What will happen when one consumes not enough protein?

Answer 7

• weak muscle tone
• thin, brittle hair
• skin lesions
• hormone imbalances
• edema/swelling

Question 8

What does fat do?

Answer 8

protects the skeleton and nerves

Question 9

What are vitamins?

Answer 9

organic substances present in minute amounts in natural foodstuff

Question 10

What are the differences between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins?

Answer 10

fat-soluble - stored in fatty tissues and liver
- reserves stay in the body for days or
months
water-soluble - do not stay in the body for long
- cannot be stored
- leaves the body via urine

Question 11

Where is iron present in the body?

Answer 11

hemoglobin, myoglobin, components of certain proteins, ferritin (a protein found in cells that circulates the blood)

Question 12

What is the importance of iron?

Answer 12

• helps to oxygenate blood
• helps convert blood sugar to energy
• creation of enzymes
• boosts the immune system
• supports healthy skin, hair, nails

Question 13

Where can we find calcium?

Answer 13

bones, teeth

Question 14

What are the importance of calcium?

Answer 14

-essential for growth, development, and maintenance
of bone
-regulates muscle contraction
-blood clot

Question 15

List three deficiency diseases caused by the lack of calcium.

Answer 15

osteoporosis, osteopenia, rickets

Question 16

What are the differences between osteoporosis, osteopenia, and rickets?

Answer 16

osteoporosis - weak and brittle bones
osteopenia - thin bone (slightly less fragile than
osteoporosis)
rickets - weak and soft bone

Question 17

What is the alimentary canal made up of?

Answer 17

mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 18

What is the digestive system made up of?

Answer 18

alimentary canal, salivary glands, liver, pancreas

Question 19

What does the stomach produce to kill micro-organisms in food?

Answer 19

hydrochloric acid

Question 20

Where is protein broken down?

Answer 20

stomach, small intestine

Question 21

Where is fat broken down?

Answer 21

mouth, stomach, small intestine

Question 22

Where is carbohydrate broken down?

Answer 22

small intestine

Question 23

Where does undigested food go?

Answer 23

It reabsorbs water in the big intestine to form faeces and is stored in the rectum until it is ready to be released through the anus.

Question 24

What is the liver’s role in the digestive system?

Answer 24

It makes bile.

Question 25

Where is bile stored?

Answer 25

Bile is stored in the gall bladder.

Question 26

What does bile do?

Answer 26

It flows into the small intestine when needed and helps with fat digestion.

Question 27

List the four types of teeth.

Answer 27

incisors, canines, premolars, molars

Question 28

How many teeth are there in milk teeth and permanent teeth respectively?

Answer 28

milk teeth - 20 teeth

permanent teeth - 32 teeth

Question 29

What are enzymes?

Answer 29

a substance that speeds up chemical reaction but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

Question 30

Why is it necessary to speed up chemical reactions?

Answer 30

It is so that it happens quickly enough to supply the cells with its requirements.

Question 31

What are substrates?

Answer 31

substance that binds to the enzyme

Question 32

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Answer 32

the part of the enzyme that binds to the substrate