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Anatomy > head and neck > Flashcards

head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

frontonasal process

A

olfactory fits surrounded by nasal process

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2
Q

maxillary process

A

squeezes nasal processes together
drags optic cups to face forward
doesn’t fuse in the midline
fuses to form the palate

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3
Q

mandibular process

A

fuses in the midline

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4
Q

cleft lip

A

maxillary process fails to meet the frontonasal process in the centre of the lip

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5
Q

oblique facial cleft

A

occurs along the line of the lacrimal duct

top of the maxillary process doesn’t fuse to the frontonasal process

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6
Q

cleft chin

A

mandible doesn’t fuse from below

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7
Q

cleft palate

A

involving frontonasal and maxillary or just maxillary - deferent ways

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8
Q

nuerocranium

A

brain case with capsules for special senses

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9
Q

vertebrae grow in response to

A

notochord

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10
Q

cartilage around the notochord is from

A

occipital somites

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11
Q

occipital somites make

A

extraoccular muscles

extrinsic tongue

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12
Q

extraoccular muscle nerve supply

A

oculomotor, abducens, trochlear

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13
Q

extrinsic tongue supply

A

hypoglassal nerve

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14
Q

parts that grow with special sensory nerves

A

nasal, optic, and otic capsules

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15
Q

nasal capsule nerve

A

olfactory nerve

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16
Q

optic capsule nerve

A

optic nerve

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17
Q

otic capsule nerve

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

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18
Q

viscerocranium

A

lower face mouth and pharynx

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19
Q

pharyngeal arches form

A

maxilla, mandible, ear ossicles , hyoid bone and laryngeal cartilages

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20
Q

first arch relates to

A

maxilla and mandible

males and incus

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21
Q

first arch nerve

A

Trigeminal

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22
Q

2nd arch

A

stapes bone

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23
Q

2nd arch nerve

A

facial nerve

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24
Q

3rd arch nerve

A

glossopharyngeal

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25
Q

4th arch nerve

A

vagus

26
Q

6th arch nerve

A

vagus or spinal accessory

27
Q

5th arch cartilage

A

transient - doesn’t really exist heaps

28
Q

2nd arch cartilage

A

upper part of hyoid body and lesser horn

29
Q

3rd arch cartilage

A

lower hyoid body and greater horn

30
Q

4th arch cartilage

A

laryngeal cartilages

31
Q

6th arch cartilage

A

cricoid probably

32
Q

1st arch does

A

sensory - each facial process has a branch of the trigeminal nerve supplying overlying skin, mucous membranes, nose and mouth and tongue
motor - muscles of mastication

33
Q

2nd arch does

A

sensory - taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue and skin of the ear
motor - muscles of facial expression

34
Q

3rd arch does

A

sensory - taste for posterior 1/3 of tongue, pharynx, carotid sinus, middle ear
motor - stylopharyngess

35
Q

4th arch does

A

sensory - larynx, skin of ear

motor - palate, larynx, pharynx

36
Q

external ear

A

continuous with the tympanic membrane

37
Q

middle ear

A

extension of the nasopharynx
auditory tube meets the inside of the tympanic membrane
has malleus, incus and stapes

38
Q

inner ear

A

invagination of SE from otic placode

gives rise to cochlear and vestibular apparatus

39
Q

cochlear and vestibular apparatus connected by

A

endolymph canals

40
Q

structural mechanism of sound in the ear

A
  1. Sounds wave hits tympanic membrane
    2. Resonates through the ossicles (malleus - incus - stapes)
    3. Stapes drums on the oval window
    4. Moves perilymph around cochlear
    5. Connectes to scala tympani and helicotrema (cohclear apex)
    6. Perilymph hits round window and perilymph reverts
41
Q

result of sound in the ear

A

○ Turbulence disrupts basement membrane or organ of corti in the cochlear duct
§ Resonant frequency of drumming determines pitch interpreted
§ Cochlear nerve afferent to brain for processing and interpretation

42
Q

§ 2 muscles helps keep amplitude reasonable

A

□ Tensor typani - tensions the tympanic membrane

□ Stadedius - pulls tension on stapes to tension oval window

43
Q

linear accelerations detected by

A

utricle and saccule

44
Q

utricle detects

A

side to side

45
Q

saccule detects

A

up and down

46
Q

movement is detected by

A

macula organs

hair in endolymph

47
Q

rotational accelerations

A

3 semicircular canals
each along a different axis and at right angles to each other
anterior posterior and lateral

48
Q

ampula

A

broadening at the end of th semicircle of the semicircular canals
line of cells that detects movement of perilymph

49
Q

sense organ of the ampulla

A

Crista Ampularis

hair cells on semicircular canals

50
Q

lens of the eye

A

invagination of surface ectoderm

51
Q

retina

A

forebrain and vesicle outgrowth

52
Q

sclera and choroid

A

mesenchyme around the cup

53
Q

do you regenerate virtuous humour

A

no because part of the hyaloid artery get obliterated

54
Q

3 layers of the eyeball

A

sclera, choroid, retina

55
Q

the sclera

A

the white of the eye

filled with aqueous humour

56
Q

2 main parts of the choroid

A

iris, ciliary bodies

57
Q

iris

A

coloured part of the eye with pupil in the centre

58
Q

ciliary bodies

A

produce aqueous humour

59
Q

ciliary muscles

A

for accomodation

60
Q

blind spot

A

optic disk - part where there are no retinal cells sensing an image

Anatomy (16 decks)

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