enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

what are catalysts

A

substances that increase rate of chemical reaction and is not changed in the reaction

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2
Q

what are enzymes

A

biological catalyst that speed up biochemical reaction

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3
Q

how does enzymes help reactions become faster

A

less energy of activation is needed for chemical reaction to occur. hence it takes less time

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4
Q

what are enzymes made of

A

protein

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5
Q

how does an enzyme work

A

when energy of activation is reached, biochemical reaction can happen easily
enzymes help lower activation energy
lower energy of activation is needed for a chemical reaction to occur, the faster the rate

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6
Q

how does a lock and key work

A

substrate will bind to the active site of an enzyme and form enzyme substrates complex
substrate is changed into products and then it gets released frm the active site, leaving enzyme unchanged

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7
Q

name 9 characteristics of enzymes

A

not damaged by reaction, only small amount needed, can react in both direction is the reaction, specific, sensitive toward pH and Temperature, can be inhibited, reusable, cofactors are sometimes needed

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8
Q

how does high temperature affect enzymes

A

enzymes molecules loses its shape , active site is deformed- cannot fit substrate shape -slow or no reaction

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9
Q

how does low temperature affect enzymes

A

slow reaction - molecules less energy hence lesser collision between enzymes and substrate- less chance of binding at active site

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10
Q

how does pH affect enzymes

A

ph level will affect the shape of active site

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11
Q

what is the optimum ph for stomach and intestine

A

2;8

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12
Q

what is the optimum pH for amylase, protease and lipase

A

7-8;1-2;8-9

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13
Q

how does enzyme help in germination of seeds

A

seed stored cotyledons
when seed absorb water, amylase is activated and breakdown starch into maltose
maltose is soluble and can form energy? energy used by embryo is seed to start germination

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14
Q

how does enzyme work in biological washing powder

A

contains protease and lipase
remove protein stains and fat stains
breakdown stains and forms water soluble products that can be washed away

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15
Q

advantages and disadvantages of biological washing powder

A

remove stains at low temp, saves energy instead of boiling water
works only at optimum temp and enzymes will denature at high temp

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16
Q

how does enzymes help with making baby food

A

protease break gown protein into amino acid for baby to absorb food easier

17
Q

how does enzyme make cheese

A

rennin clot milt protein

change water milk to curd

18
Q

how does enzyme help with fruit juice

A

pectinase breaks down pectinei - substance that stick plant cell tgt
easier to squeeze juice
final product is more and clear