respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the hydrogen carbonate ion in plasma do

A

breakdown to give co2 and h2o

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2
Q

describe the process in alveolus

A

oxygen diffuses from alveolus to blood
oxygen binds with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin
co2 and water diffuse into alveolus

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3
Q

how does gas move across alveolus

A

simple diffusion

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4
Q

what is our respiratory surface

A

alveoli

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5
Q

what are the characteristics of respiratory surface

A

large surface area so more alveoli is exposed to air
good blood supply of oxygen bc many capillaries surrounding it
one cell think so shorter distance for diffusion
difference in concentration gas made by continues delivery of co2

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6
Q

what is the characteristics and function of windpipe/trachea

A

c shape cartilage
prevents air passage from collapsing when air pressure decrease
keeps airway open

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7
Q

what is the use of epiglottis

A

prevents foods/ water from entering air passage

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8
Q

what is the function of ribcage

A

protect lung and hear
move to ventilate lungs

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9
Q

what does the diaphragm do

A

it contracts to flatten and change volume of thoracic cavity

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10
Q

what does the intercostal muscle do

A

move ribcage during ventilation

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11
Q

what does the pleura membrane do

A

produce pleura fluid that reduces friction between lungs and thorax

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12
Q

which organ produces sound

A

larynx

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13
Q

what is ventilation

A

movement of air in and out of lungs
involves both inhalation and exhalation

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14
Q

what does ventilation ensure

A

diffusion gradient is steep to promote diffusion of gas
oxygen available for gas exchange and co2 can be exchange

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15
Q

describe what happens when we inhale

A

external intercostal muscle contract while internal relax
the ribcage move upwards and outwards
diaphragm contracts and flattens
volume in thorax increase and pressure decrease

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16
Q

describes what happens when we exhale

A

external relax while internal intercoastal muscle contract
ribcage move inwards and downwards
diaphragm contracts and curve up
volume in thorax decrease while pressure in thorax increase

17
Q

describe the composition in inhaled and exhaled air

A

oxygen- 21 –> 16
nitrogen 78 - >78
co2 0.004 –>4
other gases - 1 –> 1
water vapor variable to concentrated

18
Q

why does the concentration of water vapour becomes more concentrated when we exhale

A

water evaporate from moist lining of alveoli as a result of warmth of body

19
Q

why does some gas remain the same when we breath in and out

A

bc it is not used or produces

20
Q

how does exercise and the effect of ph effect breathing

A

when we exercise. muscle contract more and more respiration
so more co2 and it dissolves into plasma to produce weak carbonic acid
change in ph is detected by brain and sends signals for diaphragm and intercostal muscles to work harder
so increase in rate and depth of breathing
more o2 and co2 exchange –> ph back to normal

21
Q

how do we measure rate of breathing

A

count number of breath per min
measure volume of breathe using spirometer

22
Q

what is energy used for

A

protein synthesis, maintain body temp, active transport, cell dicision , movement

23
Q

aerobic respiration is also known as

A

cellular respiration

24
Q

where dies aerobic respiration happen

A

mitochondria

25
Q

word equation of aerobic respiration

A

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water+ energy

26
Q

where does anaerobic respiration occur

A

cytoplasm

27
Q

which type of respiration produces more energy and why

A

aerobic. bc glucose is not completely oxidised in anaerobic respiration