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cardiovascular > the peripheral circulation > Flashcards

the peripheral circulation Flashcards

1
Q

capillary properties

A

thin walled - small diffusion barrier

small diameter - big surface area:volume ratio

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2
Q

continous capillaries

A

no clefts or pores e.g. brain

clefts only e.g. muscle

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3
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

clefts and pores e.g. intestine

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4
Q

discontinuous capillaries

A

clefts and massive pores e.g. liver

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5
Q

diffusion

A

self-regulating, non-saturable

non-polar surfaces across membrane, polar substances through clefts/channels

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6
Q

types of exchange at capillaries

A

diffusion
carrier-mediated transport
bulk flow

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7
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

pushed water out - leaves behind solutes and so conc increases

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8
Q

osmotic (oncotic pressure)

A

pulls liquid in

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9
Q

starling’s forces

A

balance between hydrostatic and oncotic pressure

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10
Q

oedema

A

acculumation of excess fluid

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11
Q

causes of oedema

A

lymphatic obstruction
raised CVP
hypoproteinemia
inc capillary permeability

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12
Q

MAP =

A

CO x TPR

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13
Q

extrinsic control of ateriolar resistance

A

neural

hormonal

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14
Q

sympathetic effect on arteriolar resistance

A

noradrenaline acts on a-1 receptors to cause arteriolar constriction
increases TPR

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15
Q

hormonal effect on TPR - adrenaline

A

released from adrenal medulla, acts on a-1 receptors
inc TPR

in some tissues acts on B-2 receptors to cause dilation and dec TPR

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16
Q

hormonal effect on TPR - angiotensin

A

produced in response to low blood volume

causes arteriolar constriction and so inc TPR

17
Q

hormonal effect on TPR - vasopressin

A

antidiuretic hormone

arteriolar constrictoin and so inc TPR

18
Q

hormonal effect on TPR - ANP

A

arteriolar dilation and so dec TPR

19
Q

local (intrinsic) controls of TPR

A

active hyperaemia
pressure flow autoregulation
reactive hyperaemia
injury response

20
Q

effect on TPR - active hyperaemia

A

inc metabolic activity caused inc concentration of metabolites
release of EDRF/NO which causes ateriolar dilation - inc flow to wash out metabolites

21
Q

effect on TPR - pressure flow autoregulation

A

decreased MAP causes decreased flow, metabolites accumulate - release of EDRF/NO
arterioles dilate and flow restored to normal

22
Q

effect on TPR - reactive hyperaemia

A

occlusion of blood supply caused subsequent increase in blood flow
extreme version of pressure autoregulation

23
Q

effect on TPR - injury response

A

substance P released and acts on mast cell

mast cell releases histamine - arteriolar dilation : inc blood flow and permeability

cardiovascular (51 decks)

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