Cell Anatomy and Cycles

Question 1

Plasma Membrane

Answer 1

Composition: Lipid bilayer

Function: Protection, controls entrance/exit of materials

Question 2

Cytosol

Answer 2

Composition: Fluid of cytoplasm

Function: Distributes and stores materials

Question 3

Cytoskeleton

Answer 3

Composition: Proteins in the form of microtubules and microfilaments

Function: Strengthens and supports other aspects of cell

Question 4

Microvilli

Answer 4

Composition: Membrane extension and microfilaments

Function: Increase surface area for more absorption

Question 5

Centrosome

Answer 5

Composition: Two centrioles at 90 degree angles; composed of 9 microtubule triplets

Function: movement of chromosomes during cell division

Question 6

Cilia

Answer 6

Composition: Membrane extension and microtubles

Function: Help move materials across cell

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Composition: RNA + proteins

Function: Synthesize proteins

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

Composition: Double outer membrane with membrane folds

Function: Produces ATP

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Composition: Porous membrane with nucleolus; nucleotides with nucleoproteins and enzymes

Function: Stores genetic information and controls metabolism & protein synthesis

Question 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 10

Composition: Smooth and Rough ER; network of membrane

Function: Synthesizes secretory products, lipids, steroid, carbohydrates; packages up the new proteins; storage and transport

Question 11

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 11

Composition: Flattened membrane

Function: Stores, alters, and packages secretory products and enzymes

Question 12

Lysosome

Answer 12

Composition: Vesicle containing digestive enzymes

Function: removes damaged organelles or pathogens

Question 13

Peroxisomes

Answer 13

Composition: Vesicles containing degradative enzymes

Function: Catabolize (break down) fats and organic compounds; neutralize toxic compounds

Question 14

Mitosis

Answer 14

1. Interphase
   - DNA is already replicated and strains are coming undone
2. Prophase
   - centrioles get into place
   - spindle fibers form and contains chromosomes
3. Metaphase
   - chromosomes line up
4. Anaphase
   - chromatid pairs separate, creating daughter chromosomes
5. Telophase
   - cleavage starts to show in separation
6. Cytokinesis
   - cytoplasm is split and divided