W11 - Memory / Language

Question 1

Hebbian synapse

Answer 1

neural basis of memory/learning synapses can alter their “strength”.

-the presynaptic neuron becomes better at affecting posts synaptic neuron.

Question 2

Habituation

Answer 2

a repeated stimulus produces less of a response

Question 3

Sensitisation

Answer 3

A single, strong stimulus produces a long-lasting increased response

Question 4

Long term potentiation (LTP)

Answer 4

An increased strength of a synapse.

• Specificity: only the highly active ones are strengthened
• Cooperativity: simultaneous stimulation by 2> axons produces more LTP
• Associativity: pairing a weak input w/ a strong input enhances later response to the weak input

Question 5

Short term memory

Answer 5

electrical neuronal-activity

Question 6

Long term memory

Answer 6

structural - LTP (long term potentiation)

can be disrupted by electroconvulsive therapy

Question 7

Working memory

Answer 7

central executive that controls:

1. phonological loop
2. episodic buffer
3. visuospatial sketch pad

Question 8

Explicit memory

Answer 8

• Episodic memory: what happened, where when

- semantic memory: facts

Question 9

Implicit memory

Answer 9

-Procedural memory: ability to do

Question 10

Korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 10

• leads to shrinkage of neurons due to lack of vitamin b1

- symptoms: apathy, confusion, amnesia

Question 11

Semantic dementia

Answer 11

loss of semantic knowledge - mainly temporal lobe

Question 12

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 12

difficulty pronouncing, gesturing or writing/understanding complex speech

-has insight

Question 13

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 13

impaired language comprehension, effortless speech.

• content unintelligible, lack
• phonemic paraphasia