DSM V Disorders

Question 1

Pica

Answer 1

Eating disorder

Persistent eating of nonnutritive, nonfood substances over a period of at least 1 month

Eg: Paper, soap, cloth, hair, string, wool, soil, chalk, talcum powder, paint, gum, metal

Minimum age of 2 years

Question 2

Rumination Disorder

Answer 2

Repeated regurgitation of food over a period of at least 1 month. Regurgitated food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out.

Does not occur exclusively during the course of anorexia, bulimia, binge-eating disorder, etc.

Not better explained by an associated gastrointestinal or other medical condition.

Question 3

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Answer 3

Persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional and/or energy needs associated with one (or more) of the following:

1. Significant weight loss (or failure to achieve expected weight gain)
2. Significant nutritional deficiency
3. Dependence on enteral feeding or oral nutritional supplements
4. Marked interference with psychosocial functioning

Insufficient intake or lack of interest in eat­ing; develops in infancy or early childhood and may persist in adulthood.

Question 4

Binge-eating disorder

Answer 4

Recurrent episodes binge eating that must occur, on average, at least once per week for 3 months

Accompanied by a sense of lack of control; inability to refrain from eating or to stop eating once started

Question 5

Hypersomnolence disorder

Answer 5

Symptoms of excessive quantity of sleep, deteriorated quality of wakefulness, and sleep inertia (i.e., a period of impaired performance and reduced vigilance following awakening)

Difficulty waking up in the morning, sometimes appearing confused, combative, or ataxic.

Decline in motor dexterity, behavior may be very inappro­priate, and memory deficits, disorientation in time and space, and feelings of grogginess may occur.

Question 6

Cataplexy

Answer 6

Brief episodes (seconds to minutes) of sudden, bilateral loss of mus­cle tone precipitated by emotions, typically laughing and joking.

Individuals are awake and aware during cataplexy.

Question 7

REM sleep behavior disorder

Answer 7

Repeated episodes of arousal, often associated with vocalizations and/or complex motor behaviors arising from REM sleep

Question 8

Restless Legs Syndrome

Answer 8

Sensorimotor, neurological sleep disorder characterized by a desire to move the legs or arms, usually associated with uncomfortable sensations typically described as creeping, crawling, tingling, burning, or itching.

Question 9

Somnambulism

Answer 9

Sleepwalking

Question 10

Reactive attachment disorder

Answer 10

Characterized by a pattern of markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate attachment behaviors, in which a child rarely or minimally turns preferentially to an attachment figure for comfort, support, protection, and nurturance.

Question 11

Disinhibited social engagement disorder

Answer 11

A pattern of behavior that involves culturally inappropriate, overly familiar behavior with relative strangers. Violates the social boundaries of the culture.

Question 12

Acute stress disorder

Answer 12

Development of characteristic symp­toms lasting from 3 days to 1 month following exposure to one or more traumatic events.

Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic event.

Recurrent distressing dreams, flashbacks

Persistent inability to experience positive emotions

Efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings

Sleep disturbance, problem concentrating

Question 13

Difference between acute stress and PTSD

Answer 13

The symptom pattern in acute stress disorder must occur within 1 month of the traumatic event and resolve within that 1-month period.

If it goes longer, then it is PTSD

Question 14

Adjustment disorder

Answer 14

The presence of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable (single or multiple) stressor.

Associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts and completed suicide.

Question 15

Diff between adjustment disorder & acute stress disorder

Answer 15

Adjustment disorders can be diagnosed immediately and persist up to 6 months after exposure to the traumatic event, whereas acute stress dis­order can only occur between 3 days and 1 month of exposure to the stressor, and PTSD cannot be diagnosed until at least 1 month has passed since the occurrence of the traumatic stressor.

Question 16

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Answer 16

Chronic, severe persistent irritability; frequent temper outbursts.

Occur frequently (3-4 per week) over at least 1 year in home and at school, and must be developmentally inappropriate.

Onset should be at 6-10 years.

Question 17

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Answer 17

Mood of la­bility, irritability, dysphoria, and anxiety symptoms that occur repeatedly during the pre­ menstrual phase of the cycle and cease around the onset of menses.

Must have occurred in most of the menstrual cycles during the past year and must have an adverse effect on work or social functioning.

Question 18

Difference between Cluster A, B & C personality disorders

Answer 18

Cluster A includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. Individuals with these disorders often appear odd or eccentric.

Cluster B includes antisocial, borderline, histri­onic, and narcissistic personality disorders. Individuals with these disorders often appear dra­matic, emotional, or erratic.

Cluster C includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive- compulsive personality disorders. Individuals with these disorders often appear anxious or fearful.

Question 19

Idea of reference

Answer 19

The sense that events or the actions of others (e.g., talking, whispering, smiling) relate particularly to oneself.

Question 20

Delusions

Answer 20

Fixed beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence.

Question 21

Types of delusions

Answer 21

Persecutory (belief that one is going to be harmed, harassed, and so forth by an individual, organization)

Referential (belief that certain gestures, comments, environmental cues, etc. are directed at oneself)

Somatic (preoccupations regarding health and organ function)

Grandiose (when an individual believes that he or she has exceptional abilities, wealth, or fame)

Nihilistic (conviction that a major catastrophe will occur)

Erotomanic (when an individual believes falsely that another person is in love with him or her)

Question 22

Delusions of control

Answer 22

Belief that one’s body or actions are being acted on or manipulated by some outside force

Question 23

____ halluci­nations are the most common in schizophrenia and related disorders.

Answer 23

Auditory

Question 24

Halluci­nations that occur while falling asleep are called _____.

Answer 24

Hypnagogic

Question 25

Halluci­nations that occur while waking up are called _____.

Answer 25

Hypnopompic

Question 26

Catatonic behavior

Answer 26

A marked decrease in reactivity to the environment. This ranges from resistance to instructions (negativism); to maintaining a rigid, inappropriate or bi­zarre posture; to a complete lack of verbal and motor responses (mutism and stupor). It can also include purposeless and excessive motor activity without obvious cause (catatonic excitement).

Question 27

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia

Answer 27

Two negative symptoms are particularly prominent in schizophrenia: diminished emotional expression and avolition.

Diminished emotional expression: reductions in the expression of emo­tions in the face, eye contact, intonation of speech (prosody), and movements of the hand, head, and face that normally give an emotional emphasis to speech.

Avolition: decrease in motivated self-initiated purposeful activities. The individual may sit for long periods of time and show little interest in participating in work or social activities.

Question 28

Other negative symptoms in schizophrenia

Answer 28

Alogia is manifested by diminished speech output.

Anhedonia is the decreased ability to experience pleasure from positive stimuli or a degradation in the recollection of pleasure previously experienced.

Asociality refers to the apparent lack of interest in social interactions and may be associated with avo­lition, but it can also be a manifestation of limited opportunities for social interactions.

Question 29

Schizophrenia lasts for at least _____ months and includes at least ____ months of active-phase symptoms.

Answer 29

6, 1

Question 30

In schizoaffective disorder, a mood episode and the active-phase symptoms of schizophrenia occur together and were preceded or are followed by at least ____ of delusions or hallucinations without prominent mood symptoms.

Answer 30

2 weeks

Question 31

Delusion disorder

Answer 31

Presence of one or more delusions that persist for at least 1 month.

Apart from the impact of the delusion(s), functioning is not markedly impaired.

Behavior is not obviously bizarre or odd.

Individuals may be able to factually describe that others view their beliefs as irrational but are unable to accept this themselves. May engage in litigious or antagonistic behavior.

Most frequent type is persecutory.

Question 32

Schizophreniform disorder

Answer 32

Du­ration: total duration of the illness, including prodromal, active, and residual phases, is at least 1 month but less than 6 months.

At least 2 symptoms of:

1. Delusions.
2. Hallucinations.
3. Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence)
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
5. Negative symptoms (i.e., diminished emotional expression or avolition)

Intermediate between brief psychotic disorder and schizophrenia.

Question 33

Schizophrenia

Answer 33

Symptoms to continue for at least 1 month

At least 2 symptoms of:

1. Delusions.
2. Hallucinations.
3. Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence)
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
5. Negative symptoms (i.e., diminished emotional expression or avolition)

Question 34

The psychotic features of schizophrenia typically emerge between this period.

Answer 34

Late teens and the mid-30s

Question 35

Schizoaffective disorder

Answer 35

Assessment of an uninterrupted period of illness during which the individual continues to display active or residual symp­toms of psychotic illness.

There is a major mood episode.

Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a major mood episode (depressive or manic) during the lifetime duration of the illness.

Question 36

The incidence of schizoaffective disorder is higher amongst which sex?

Answer 36

Females

Typical age of onset is early adulthood.

Question 37

In childhood, ADHD frequently overlaps with disorders that are often considered to be “_____ disorders,” such as oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder.

Answer 37

Externalizing

Question 38

Intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder)

Answer 38

Deficits in general mental abilities, and impairment in everyday adaptive functioning, in comparison to an individual’s age, gender, and socioculturally matched peers.

Adaptive functioning involves adaptive reasoning in three domains: conceptual, social, and practical.

Question 39

San Phillippo syndrome

Answer 39

Rare genetic metabolism disorder. A change in a single gene makes a child’s body unable to break down certain carbohydrates (sugars). This leads to serious problems in the brain and nervous system.

Question 40

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

Answer 40

Rare inborn error of purine metabolism characterized by the absence or deficiency of the activity of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT)

Question 41

The diagnosis for Global Developmental Delay is reserved for individuals under the age of ____ years when the clinical severity level cannot be reliably assessed.

Answer 41

5

Question 42

There are ____ severity levels for ASD.

Answer 42

3

1- requiring support
2- requiring substantial support
3- requiring very substantial support

Question 43

Atypical autism

Answer 43

Often described as a subthreshold diagnosis.

Presents some symptoms of autism but insufficient to meet criteria for a diagnosis of childhood autism (or autistic disorder).

Question 44

Symptoms of ASD are typically recognized during the ____ year of life.

Answer 44

Second

Question 45

First symptoms of autism spectrum disorder frequently involve ____.

Answer 45

Delayed language development

Often accompanied by lack of social interest or unusual social interactions

Question 46

Autism spectrum disorder is diagnosed ____ times more often in males than in females.

Answer 46

4

Question 47

ADHD

Answer 47

Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.

Inattention as wandering off task, lacking persistence, having difficulty sustaining focus, and being disorganized and is not due to defiance or lack of comprehension.

Hyperactivity refers to excessive motor activity (child running about) when it is not appropriate, or excessive fidgeting, tapping, or talkativeness.

Impulsivity refers to hasty actions that occur in the moment without forethought and that have high potential for harm to the individual.

Question 48

ADHD is more frequent in which gender?

Answer 48

Males

Question 49

Dysgraphia is a term that refers to trouble with _____.

Answer 49

Writing

[Transcription related skills - writing, typing, spelling]

Question 50

Tic

Answer 50

Sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movement or vocalization.

Question 51

A tic-like sexual or obscene gesture

Answer 51

Copropraxia

Question 52

A tic of uttering socially unacceptable words, including obscenities, or ethnic, racial, or religious slurs

Answer 52

Coprolalia

Question 53

Complex vocal tics include repeating one’s own sounds or words

Answer 53

Palilalia

Question 54

“Positive” dissociative symptoms are _____.

Answer 54

Fragmentation of identity, depersonalization, and derealization

Question 55

“Negative” dissociative symptoms are _____.

Answer 55

Amnesia

Question 56

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 56

An inability to recall important auto­-biographical information that 1) should be successfully stored in memory and 2) ordinar­ily would be readily remembered

Question 57

Systematized amnesia

Answer 57

The individual loses memory for a specific category of information (e.g., all memories relating to one’s family, a particular person, or childhood sexual abuse)

Question 58

Depersonalization

Answer 58

Experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside ob­ server with respect to one’s thoughts, feelings, sensations, body, or actions (e.g., perceptual alterations, distorted sense of time, unreal or absent self, emotional and/ or physical numbing)

Question 59

Derealization

Answer 59

Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surround­ings (e.g., individuals or objects are experienced as unreal, dreamlike, foggy, life­ less, or visually distorted).

Question 60

The DSM-IV term _____ was confusing and is replaced by somatic symptom and related disorders.

Answer 60

Somatoform disorders

Question 61

Another term for conversion disorder

Answer 61

Functional neurological symptom disor­der

Question 62

Factitious disorder

Answer 62

The falsification of medical or psychological signs and symptoms in oneself or others that are associated with the identified deception.

Seek treatment for themselves or another following induction of injury or disease. The individual takes sly actions to misrepresent, simulate, or cause signs or symptoms of illness or injury in the absence of obvious external rewards.

Exaggeration, fabrication, simulation, and induction; decep­tively report episodes of neurological symptoms; manipulate a laboratory test; falsify medical records; ingest a substance; or physically injure them­selves or induce illness in themselves or another

Question 63

Dementia is also known as _____

Answer 63

Major neurocognitive dis­order

Question 64

Delirium

Answer 64

Neurocognitive disorder with a disturbance of attention or awareness that is accom­panied by a change in baseline cognition.

Reduced ability to direct, focus, sustain, and shift attention. Questions must be repeated because attention wanders, or they may repeat an answer to a previous question rather than appropriately shift attention.

Easily distracted by irrelevant stimuli; reduced orientation to the environment or at times even to oneself.

Question 65

In delirium, the disturbance develops over a short period of time, usually hours to a few days, and tends to fluctuate during the course of the day, often with worsening in the ____.

Answer 65

Evening and night when external orienting stimuli decrease

Question 66

The perceptual disturbances accompanying delirium include _____; these disturbances are typically ____, but may occur in other modalities as well,

Answer 66

Misinterpretations, illusions, or hallucinations; visual