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Personal Training > Chapter 5: Human Movement Science > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Human Movement Science Flashcards

1
Q

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces

A

Biomechanics

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2
Q

Positioned above a point of reference

A

Superior

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3
Q

Position below a point of reference

A

Inferior

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4
Q

Positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference

A

Proximal

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5
Q

Positioned farthest from the center of the body, or point of reference

A

Distal

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6
Q

On the front of the body

A

Anterior (or Ventral)

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7
Q

On the back of the body

A

Posterior (or Dorsal)

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8
Q

Positioned near the middle of the body

A

Medial

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9
Q

Positioned toward the outside of the body

A

Lateral

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10
Q

Positioned on the opposite of the body

A

Contralateral

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11
Q

Positioned on the same side of the body

A

Ipsilateral

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12
Q

Position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward

A

Anatomic Position

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13
Q

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves

A

Sagittal Plane

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14
Q

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases

A

Flexion

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15
Q

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases

A

Extension

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16
Q

Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.

A

Hyperextension

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17
Q

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves

A

Frontal Plane

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18
Q

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

A

Abduction

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19
Q

Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body

A

Adduction

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20
Q

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves

A

Transverse Plane

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21
Q

Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body

A

Internal Rotation

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22
Q

Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body

A

External Rotation

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23
Q

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position

A

Horizontal Abduction

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24
Q

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position

A

Horizontal Adduction

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25
Q

Adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward the midline

A

Scapular Retraction

26
Q

Abduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from the midline

A

Scapular Protraction

27
Q

Downward (inferior) motion of the scapula

A

Scapular Depression

28
Q

Upward (superior) motion of the scapula

A

Scapular Elevation

29
Q

An eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening

A

Eccentric Muscle Action

30
Q

When a muscle is exerting force greater that the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle

A

Concentric Muscle Action

31
Q

When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length

A

Isometric Muscle Action

32
Q

When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion

A

Isokinetic Muscle Action

33
Q

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object

A

Force

34
Q

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length

A

Length-Tension Relationship

35
Q

Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint

A

Force-Couple

36
Q

Movement of the bones around the joints

A

Rotary Motion

37
Q

A force that produces rotation. Unit=Newton-meter Nm

A

Torque

38
Q

Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli.

A

Motor Behavior

39
Q

How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response

A

Motor Control

40
Q

Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements

A

Motor Learning

41
Q

The change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan

A

Motor development

42
Q

Groups of muscles that are recrutied by the CNS to provide movement

A

Muscle Synergies

43
Q

The cumulative sensory input to the CNS from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movements

A

Proprioception

44
Q

The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting info and executing movement

A

Sensorimoto Integration

45
Q

The use of sensory info and sensorimoto integration to help the human movement system in motor learning

A

Feedback

46
Q

The process whereby sensory info is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment

A

Internal feedback

47
Q

Information provided by some external source, such as a health and fitness professional, videotape, mirror, or heart rate monitor, to supplement the internal environment

A

External Feedback

48
Q

Which Plane is being described: Side to side movements

A

Frontal

49
Q

Plane? Exercises involving abduction and/or adduction of the limbs

A

Frontal

50
Q

Which Plane? Examples: side lunge, lateral dumbbell raise, ice skater

A

Frontal

51
Q

Which plane? Forward and backward movements.

A

Sagittal Plane

52
Q

Which plane? Movements involving pushing and pulling

A

Sagittal

53
Q

Which Plane? Movements involving flexion and/or extension at joints?

A

Sagittal

54
Q

Which Plane? Examples : bicep curls, front lunge. bench press, rows

A

Sagittal

55
Q

Which Plane? Rotation movements

A

Transverse

56
Q

Which Plane? Diagonal movements

A

Transverse

57
Q

Which Plane? Examples: Rotation, wood-chop throw, medicine ball rotation, chest press

A

Transverse

58
Q

Force is produced, muscle tension is developed, and movement occurs through a given range of motion. Which muscle action?

A

Isotonic muscle action

59
Q

Moving in the same direction as the resistance. Decelerates or reduces force?

A

Eccentric Muscle Action

60
Q

Moving in opposite direction of force. Accelerates or produces force

A

Concentric

61
Q

No visible movement with or against resistance. Dynamically stabilizes force

A

Isometric

62
Q

The speed of movement is fixed, and resistance varies with the force exerted. Requires sophisticated training equipment often seen in rehabs or exercise physiology laboratories

A

Isokinetic

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