Thermoregulation

Question 1

What is body temperature

Answer 1

Heat produces- heat loss= body temperature

Question 2

what methods are used to measure core temp

Answer 2

rectal, tempanic

Question 3

what methods are used to measure surface temp

Answer 3

oral/ sublingual (armpit)

Question 4

The process of maintaining balance between body heat produced and body heat gained is called what

Answer 4

thermoregulation

Question 5

state factors that cause heat production

Answer 5

primary source: metabolism- by product of metabolic activity

Hormones

Muscle movement

Dietary induced

Question 6

Main ways of heat loss

Answer 6

Primary: SKIN
urinations and faeces excretion
humidifying air within lungs/ expiring

Question 7

Negative feedback loop

Answer 7

reversal of the issue

Question 8

what are the responses of body temperature

Answer 8

behavioral or physiological

Question 9

What maintains the constant range of body temperature

and describe the process

Answer 9

RECEPTOR: cold and hot receptors send input to control centre

thermoregulatory centre in the hypothalamus (CONTROL CENTRE) sends output to the effector

Effectors either produce or lose heat
(sends repose to receptors)

Question 10

state the equation for thermoregulation

Answer 10

heat gain= heat loss

Question 11

what are the 4 main ways for thermoregulation

Answer 11

conduction
radiation
evaporation
Convection

Question 12

Describe conduction

Answer 12

diffusion process where molecules transmit their kinetic energy to other molecules by colliding with them

heat energy is transferred

Question 13

Describe convection

Answer 13

Hot air flows to a cold material, it will heat that region.

Question 14

Describe Radiation

Answer 14

Object will emit electromagnetic heat waves (no molecular contact)

eg: when temp of item exceeds temp of skin, radient heat energy is absorbed.

Question 15

state the Physiological processes in heat reduction

Answer 15

vasodilation
metabolic rate decrease
sweat

Question 16

Describe vasodilation

Answer 16

increase temp causes vasodilation of the blood vessels

results in Increase blood flow to the skin

Question 17

Metabolic rate

Answer 17

changes with reduction in secretion of thyroxine

=decreased metabollic rate/ decreased heat produced

Question 18

Sweat

Answer 18

Sweat= evaporation on the skin results in cooling

for sweat to be effective environmental temp must be lower than body tempreature

Question 19

Vasoconstriction

Answer 19

Sympathetic nervous system

blood vessels vasoconstrict= lessbllod flow to the skin surface. blood flow is retained close to the body organs

HEAT IS NOT LOST TO THE BODYS SURFACE

Question 20

Muscle contraction

Answer 20

Hypothalamus= increase muscle tone= increased body heat production

Rhythmic muscle tremors

piloerection- layer of warm still air is trapped next to skin

Question 21

Hypothalamus and adrenal medullas role with production of heat

Answer 21

hypothalamus stimulated adrenal medulla via the sympathetic nerves

adrenal medulla secretes nor adrenaline and adrenaline results in increase cellular metabolism and increase heat production

Question 22

which organ releases thyroxine

Answer 22

thyroid

Question 23

describe hypothalamus relationship with the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 23

hypothalamus stimulates anterior pitatry gland

anterior pituatry gland releases thyroid stimulating hormone- stimulated thyroid to release thyroxine
results in increase metabolic activity

Question 24

what does the adrenal medulla secrete

Answer 24

noradrenaline and adrenaline

Question 25

What are the 3 phases of a fever

Answer 25

chill phase
plateau phase
defervescence phase

Question 26

Describe the chill phase of a fever

Answer 26

heat production responses due to a high hypothalamic temp set point

Question 27

Describe plateau phase of a fever

Answer 27

core temp reaches new set point

Question 28

Describe Defervescense (breaking) phase

Answer 28

heat loss mechanism as the hypothalamic set point has been readjusted to normal body temp