Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardio > 10.2 > Flashcards

10.2 Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What specific questions who you ask someone coming in with chest pain?

A
  • what factors influence the pain?
  • does the pain radiate?
  • is there position related relief?
  • any dizziness/ cyanosis?
  • any use of nitroglycerin?
  • cough, dyspnea, syncope, leg pain/cramps, severe HA, swollen ankles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What pertinent FMHx are you looking for with chest pain?

A
  • DM
  • heart disease
  • hyperlipidemia
  • hypertension
  • obesity
  • congenital heart defects
  • sudden death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some associated sx to look out for with chest pain?

A
  • Anxiety
  • Dyspnea
  • Diaphoresis
  • Dizziness
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

SoHx to consider with chest pain

A
  • employment risks
  • tobacco
  • alcohol
  • diet
  • exercise
  • stress
  • drug use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who are at greater risk for cardiac problems?

A
  • Pregnant women
  • Elderly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 components of a heart examination?

A
  1. Inspection
  2. Palpation
  3. Percussion
  4. Auscultation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are you inspecting the chest wall, carotid arteries and jugular veins for?

A
  • pulsations
  • lifts
  • heaves
  • thrusts
  • symmetry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are you inspecting the skin for?

A
  • cyanosis of the nailbeds
  • capillary refill
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where can you palpate the apical pulse?

A

Midclavicular line, 5th intercostal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 6 places you palpate?

A
  1. the base
  2. left sternal border
  3. right sternal border
  4. apex
  5. epigastrium
  6. left axillae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What positions should you have the patient in for auscultation?

A
  • Sitting
  • Supine
  • Left lateral recumbent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are you describing while auscultating?

A
  • rate
  • rhythm
  • duration of cycle
  • timing
  • intensity
  • frequency
  • splitting
  • murmurs
  • quality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are you auscultating the carotid arteries for?

A
  • bruits
  • murmurs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What basic heart sounds are you listening for?

A
  • S1
  • S2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What valves are closed during S1?

What valves are open during S1?

A

Closed: (M)itral and (T)ricuspid

Open: (A)ortic and (P)ulmonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What valves are closed during S2?

What valves are open during S2?

A

Closed: (A)ortic and (P)ulmonic

Open: (M)itral and (T)ricuspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a normal resting HR for an adult?

A

60 - 90bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In a slender person the heart is more…

A

vertical and central

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In a stocky person the heart lies

A

horizontally and to the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Wide apical pulsation may indicate what?

A

Left ventricular hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Loss of palpable apical pulsation may indicated what?

A

fluid, air, or displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thrills are associated with what pathology?

A
  • failure of semilunar valve to close
  • aortic/pulmonary stenosis
  • atrial septal defect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Loud S1 could suggest what?

A

Increased blood velocity

mitral stenosis

heart block

hypertension

calcification of mitral valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Loud S2 suggests?

Study These Flashcards
A

hypertension

valve disorder

stenosis

fluid

25
Frictional rubs can be caused by? what do they sound like?
pericardial sac inflammation grating, machine-like rubbing
26
What should you be inspecting for in the veins?
* JVD * varicose veins
27
Inspect extremities for findings of arterial and venous insufficiencies, what are you looking for?
* edema * erythema * absence of hair * cyanosis * pallor * ulcers * cool skin
28
What 8 arteries are we palpating?
1. Temporal 2. Carotid 3. Brachial 4. Radial 5. Femoral 6. Popliteal 7. Posterior tibialis 8. Dorsalis pedis
29
What are you comparing while palpating pulses?
Contralateral pulses lower and upper extremities
30
What is pulse pressure?
the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures.
31
What 4 variables contribute to the characteristics of the pulse?
1) Volume of blood ejected (stroke volume) 2) Distension of the aorta and large arteries 3) Viscosity of the blood 4) Peripheral arteriolar resistance
32
What are bruits?
turbulent blood flow
33
Inspect the chest wall, carotid arteries and jugular veins for
* pulsations * lifts * heaves * thrills * symmetry
34
Inspect extremities for…
* color * hair distribution * venous distention
35
Inspect the nailbeds for
cyanosis capillary refill
36
What is the scale for amplitude of pulse?
4= Bounding, aneurysmal 3= Full, increased 2= Expected 1= Diminished 0=Absent
37
What is the scale for pitting edema?
1+ Slight pit (2-3mm) 2+ Somewhat deep pit (10-15sec or 4-5mm) 3+ Noticeable deep pit (longer than 1min or 6-7mm) 4+ Very deep pit (2-5min or 8-9mm)
38
Palpate and assess for thrombosis
* Redness, thickness of the vein, tenderness along superficial vein, and warmth * Can be indicated through taking a good history and exam * Homan's sign (discomfort behind the knee upon forced dorsiflexion of the foot) * Use Doppler for confirmation of diagnosis
39
What is the way we test for varicose veins?
Have the patient do 10 calf raises
40
What are normal findings on an adult?
no visible pulsations, or heaving of chest pulses symmetric bilat 2+ extremities warm and pink with hair present Systolic: 100-140 Diastolic: 60-90
41
What happens to your BP when you stand up?
Systolic pressure drops, diastolic pressure rises
42
Jugular distention \<9cm suggests
ventricular failure
43
Positive Homan's sign indicates
venous thrombosis
44
Fluid always reflects what color on an ultrasound?
BLACK
45
Tissue is always what color on an ultrasound?
GRAY
46
What color will bone appear on an ultrasound?
WHITE
47
What operating mode is a two-dimensional image is generated that portrays moving reflectors in color simultaneously with images.
Color Flow Doppler
48
What regulates the amplification (brightness) of returning echoes to compensate for loss of transmitted sound caused by absorption and reflection?
Gain
49
What is a relative term that refers to the echoes returned from a structure?
Hyperechoic
50
What refers to structures that contain fewer or weaker echoes than surrounding tissues.
Hypoechoic
51
What is the ability to distinguish between two adjacent structures (interfaces)?
Resolution
52
What is an electromechanical device that is part of an ultrasound system, that contacts the patient and converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice versa?
Transducer
53
What Color represents TOWARD the probe?
Red
54
What color indicates flow going AWAY from the probe?
Blue
55
What are the 3 main types of ultrasound probes?
1. Curvilinear probe 2. Linear probe 3. Phased array probe
56
Which probe is used for abdominal and obstetric imaging?
Curvilinear probe
57
Which probe is used for soft tissue and small parts imaging?
Linear probes
58
Which probe is used to “bend” the US beam from flat, small footprint to a wider pie-shaped wedge distally.
Phased array probes

Cardio (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions