1.02: Cells

Question 1

Double Membrane Bound Organelles

Answer 1

Nucleus and Mitochondria

Question 2

Single Membrane Organelles

Answer 2

ER, Golgi, Lysosomes

Question 3

Nonmembrane Organelles

Answer 3

Ribosomes, centrosomes, basal bodies

Question 4

Passive Transport

Answer 4

• simple diffusion
• osmosis
• facilitated diffusion

Question 5

Active Transport

Answer 5

• Ion pumps
• Vesicles (endocytosis + exocytosis)

Question 6

Microfilaments

Answer 6

Actin
7 nm diameter

Question 7

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 7

In Keratin and Vimentin
8-10 nm diameter

Question 8

Microtubules

Answer 8

Tubulin arranged to form hollow tubes
Important for cilia and centrioles
25 nm diameter

Question 9

Microvilli

Answer 9

• short projections that increase SA:Vol ratio
• contain microfilaments
• nonmotile

Question 10

Stereocilia (Stereovilli)

Answer 10

• like microvilli, but longer
• also increase SA:Vol ratio
• Nonmotile

Question 11

Cilia

Answer 11

• 9x2 + 2
• often motile
• most non-epithelial cells have nonmotile sensory primary cilium

Question 12

Flagella

Answer 12

• motile fail of sperm
• same internal microtubule structure as cilia

Question 13

Where do cilia attach to?

Answer 13

Basal bodies at the apical margin of the cell

Question 14

Axoneme

Answer 14

(9 x 2) + 2

Question 15

Do sensory, nonmotile cilia have a central pair?

Answer 15

NO

Question 16

Centrioles

Answer 16

• microtubules arranged in 9 sets of triplets in a circular pattern
• important in mitotic spindle formation for cell division
• generate new microtubules

Question 17

Centrosome

Answer 17

2 centrioles, microtubules organizing center

Question 18

What are the basal bodies of cilia made of?

Answer 18

centrioles

Question 19

Mitochondria

Answer 19

• aerobic cellular respiration
• early role in Apoptosis
• contain circular mitochondrial DNA

Question 20

Rough ER

Answer 20

• continuous with outer nuclear membrane
• has ribosomes
• cisternae (interconnected flat tubules)
• produces proteins for lysosomes or cell membrane

Question 21

Where do proteins produced by free ribosomes go?

Answer 21

The cytoplasm

Question 22

Smooth ER

Answer 22

• Lacks ribosomes
• synthesizes phospholipids, cholesterol, and steroids

Question 23

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 23

• cisternae
• cis side nearest ER is convex
• Trans face is where vesicles depart, concave

Question 24

Peroxisomes

Answer 24

oxidative digestion

Question 25

Nucleolus

Answer 25

- NOT membrane bound - site of ribosome synthesis

Question 26

Heterochromatin

Answer 26

Densely packed, stains darker

Question 27

Euchromatin

Answer 27

loosely packed, stains lighter

Question 28

G1 Cell Cycle Phase

Answer 28

Replication of organelles and cytoplasm

Question 29

S Phase of Cell Cycle

Answer 29

DNA replication

Question 30

G2 phase of Cell Cycle

Answer 30

growth + protein synthesis

Question 31

Prophase

Answer 31

- chromosomes condense - centrioles move to opposite ends - nuclear envelope disappears

Question 32

Metaphase

Answer 32

Chromosomes align along metaphase plate

Question 33

Microtubule Organizing Center

Answer 33

- assembles around centrioles - serve as mitotic spindle poles

Question 34

kinetochore

Answer 34

Where spindle attaches to the centromere region of chromosome

Question 35

Anaphase

Answer 35

Chromosomes are pulled apart

Question 36

Telophase

Answer 36

- chromosomes decondense - nuclear envelope reforms - nucleolus reappears

Question 37

cytokinesis

Answer 37

Formation of 2 daughter cells

Question 38

Inclusions definition

Answer 38

Cytoplasmic or nuclear structures that are nonliving components of cell

Question 39

Inclusion examples

Answer 39

- secretory vesicles - lipid droplets - mucus in goblet cells - granules (glycogen) - pigments (melanin, lipofuscin)