1.02 Heart Disease Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is angina?
chest pain due to narrowing of coronary arteries, limiting the amount of oxygen rich blood reaching the heart muscle
what is a stroke?
rapid loss of brain function due to disruption in blood supply to brain, reducing oxygen supply and therefore aerobic respiration
How does a plaque form?
Calcium salts and fibrous tissue also build up forming a hard swelling called a plaque on the inner artery wall. This build up of fibrous tissue causes the artery wall to lose some elasticity so it hardens.
what is atehrosclerosis?
The hardening of arteries due to build of plaque which blocks/narrows arteries
What can damage the endothelial lining?
High BP/smoking
What happens during the inflammatory response?
White blood cells leave the blood vessel and move into the artery wall
Where is thromboplastin released from?
It is a protein released from the damaged blood vessel and from platelets which have stuck to the damaged blood vessel wall
What do thromboplastin and calcium ions from plasma do?
They trigger the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
What is deep vein thrombosis?
formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body caused by prolonged inactivity
How does an atheroma form?
White blood cells accumulate chemicals especially cholesterol and this deposit builds up
What does thrombin do?
Catalyses the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin
How can blood clots cause myocardial infarction?
If coronary arteries become completely blocked by blood clot no oxygen can reach this area so the tissue dies due to lack of aerobic respiration
How can an atheroma increase the risk of thrombosis in arteries?
An atheroma can rupture the endothelium of an artery, damaging the wall and leaving a rough surface. This triggers thrombosis at the rupture site
