1.3 Risk Flashcards
(11 cards)
How does smoking affect cardiovascular disease risk (nicotine)?
Nicotine makes platelets more sticky so there is ahigher chance of blood clots forming, increasing risk.
Nicotine also stimulates adrenaline production which increases heart rate and causes arteries to constrict increasing BP
Ho wdoes age affect cardiovascular disease risk?
Risk increases with age. Plaque builds up and the arteries age and become less elastic and more easily damaged over time
How does inactivity affect cardiovascular disease risk?
Being inactive means higher BMI. Increased blood pressure increases CVD risk. Exercise helps to maintain a healthy weight and raises HDL cholesterol without affecting LDL levels
how does diet affect CVD risk
diet high in saturated fat increases risk as the blood cholesterol is high so there is increased atheroma formation and blood clots. Obesity increases the risk of CHD, stroke and Type 2 diabetes
How does high blood pressure affect CVD risk?
Higher risk of damage to artery walls so higher risk of atheroma forming which leads to CVD
How does genetics affect CVD risk?
Some people inherit particular alleles that make high BP more likely
How does gender affect CVD risk?
Men are 3 times more likely to suffer from CVD than women. Oestrogen increases levels of HDL so women have lower total blood cholesterol on average
How does smoking affect CVD risk? (CO)
CO in cigarette smoke combines with haemoglobin decreasing the amount of oxygen transported in the blood. LEss oxygen is available to tissue cells sorisk of heart attack increases
How does smoking affect CVD risk (antioxidants)?
It decreases the number of antioxidants in the blood which are important as they protect the cells from damage. Fewer antioxidants menas cell damage in artery wall is more likely
define risk
Chane of something unfavourable happening
