Elision Rules

Question 1

1.

Answer 1

if a word begins in a vowel that has rough breathing, then an unaspirated unvoiced plosive (π, κ, τ) at the end of the word is elided to the corresponding aspirated plosive (φ, θ, χ):
ὑπὸ ὑμῶν —> ὑϕ’ ὑμῶν

Question 2

1a.

Answer 2

similar elisions and spelling changes occur in compounds formed with prepositional prefixes:
παρα+ ἄγω = παράγω
κατα + ἵστημι = καθίστημι

Question 3

2.

Answer 3

in other cases, a final vowel is not elided but undergoes ‘crasis’ (contraction) with a following vowel.
ex) προ- prefix with article. a ‘coronis’, a curved stroke equivalent to a smooth breathing sign, is usually placed over the contracted vowel formed:
προέδοσαν –> προὔδοσαν
τὸ ἔλαττον –> τοὔλαττον

Question 4

2a.

Answer 4

but when the first vowel in crasis is a form of the article with a rough breathing, the resulting vowel has a rough breathing sign instead of a coronis:
ὁ αὐτός –> αὑτός
ὁ ἄνθροπος –> ἅνθροπος

Question 5

2b.

Answer 5

when the second vowel in crasis has a rough breathing, the aspiration is transferred to any unaspirated consonant of the preceding syllable and the coronis replaces the rough breathing:
καὶ ὁ πόνος –> χὠ πόνος
τὰ ἱμάτια –> θαἰμάτια

Question 6

diaresis

Answer 6

umlaut placed above a vowel that follows another vowel to indicate that it is not part of a diphthong or digram