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Microbiology > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

2 categories of disease

A

1) microbial intoxication

2) infectious diseases

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2
Q

infectious diseases

A
  • diseases that are caused by pathogens following colonization of some body site
  • some affect more than one anatomical site
  • some pathogens more from one body site to another
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3
Q

epidermis

A

superficial epithelia portion of the skin

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4
Q

dermis

A
  • layer of the skin containing blood, lymphatic vessels, nerves, nerve endings, glands, and hair follicles
  • under the epidermis
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5
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

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6
Q

sebaceous glands

A

oil gland located in dermis

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7
Q

folliculitis

A

inflammation of a hair follicle, the sac that contains a hair shaft

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8
Q

sty (stye)

A

inflammation of a sebaceous gland that opens into a follicle of an eyelash

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9
Q

furuncle

A
  • a localized pyogenic infection of the skin
  • usually resulting from folliculitis
  • a boil
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10
Q

carbuncle

A
  • a deep seated pyogenic infection of the skin

- usually resulting from combination of furuncles

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11
Q

macule

A
  • flat, distinct, discoloured area of the skin <1cm

- no change in thickness or texture

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12
Q

papule

A

raised are of skin tissue <1cm

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13
Q

pustule

A
  • a small rounded elevation of the skin that contains pus
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14
Q

vesicle

A

small fluid filled sacs that can appear on the skin

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15
Q

3 pathways for pathogens to enter ear

A

1) via Eustachian tubes from throat and nasopharynx
2) via external ear canal
3) via blood or lymph

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16
Q

otitis media

A

infection of middle ear

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17
Q

otitis externa

A

infection of outer ear canal

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18
Q

conjuntiva

A
  • the mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the anterior portion of they eyeball
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19
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva

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20
Q

keratitis

A

inflammation of the cornea

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21
Q

keratoconjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the cornea and the conjunctiva

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22
Q

upper respiratory tract (URT)

A
  • paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, epiglottis, and larynx
  • indigenous microbiota may cause opportunistic infections here
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23
Q

lower respiratory tract (LRT)

A
  • trachea, bronchial tubes, alveoli

- infections here are most common cause of death from infectious diseases

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24
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the bronchial tubes

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25
Q

bronchopneumonia

A

combination of bronchitis and pneumonia

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26
Q

epiglottitis

A

inflammation of the epiglottis

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27
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the larynx

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28
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation or infection of the throat

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29
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation of one or both lungs, mostly viral and bacterial

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30
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of the lining of one or more paranasal sinuses

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31
Q

oral cavity infectious diseases

A
  • complex ecosystem suitable for growth of aerobic or anaerobic microbes
  • consists of about 300 identified species
  • good source of nutrients for pathogens
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32
Q

dental caries

A

tooth decay

33
Q

periodontal disease

A

disease around the teeth

34
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation or infection of the gums

35
Q

periodontitis

A

inflammation or infection of the periodontinum

36
Q

trench mouth

A
  • acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
  • painful bleeding gums and tonsils, erosion of gum tissue, swollen lymph nodes beneath jaw
  • a synergistic infection of indigenous oral microflora
37
Q

infectious diseases of GI tract

A
  • transient and resident microbes continuously enter and leave
  • most microbes are destroyed in stomach and duodenum
38
Q

causes of diarrhea

A
  • foods, drugs, viruses, bacteria, protozoa, helminths
39
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of the large intestine

40
Q

dysentery

A
  • frequent watery stools accompanied by abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration
  • stool may contain blood or mucous
41
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of intestines, usually referring to small

42
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach

43
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach and intestines

44
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

45
Q

urinary tract infections

A
  • can be upper (kidney and ureters) or lower (bladder, urethra, prostate)
46
Q

most common cause of cystic pyelonephritis

A

e coli

47
Q

most common cause of urethritis

A

chlamydia trachomatis

48
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation or infection of the bladder

49
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidneys

50
Q

ureteritis

A

inflammation or infection of the ureters

51
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation or infection of the urethra

52
Q

prostatitis

A

inflammation or infection of the prostate

53
Q

pyelonephritis

A
  • inflammation of certain areas of the kidneys

- most often the result of bacterial infection

54
Q

sexually transmitted diseases

A
  • any infection transmitted by sexual activity

- sometimes include diseases of other body areas like skin or mucous membranes

55
Q

bartholinitis

A

inflammation of the bartholins gland in women

56
Q

cervicitis

A

inflammation of the cervix

57
Q

endometritis

A

inflammation of the endometrium the inner layer of uterine wall

58
Q

epididymitis

A

inflammation of the epididymis

59
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A
  • actor or chronic inflammation of the pelvic cavity

- usually referring to infection of the female genital tract

60
Q

vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vagina

61
Q

vulvovaginitis

A

inflammation of the vulva and the vagina

62
Q

infectious diseases of the circulatory system

A
  • cardiovascular system (heart and vessels) and lymphatic system (lymphatic vessels, lymphoid tissue, lymph)
  • blood is normally sterile
63
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the endocardium, the inner most lining of the heart

64
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the myocardium, the muscular walls of heart

65
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation or the pericardium, the membrane around the heart

66
Q

lymphadenitis

A

inflammation of one or more lymph nodes

67
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

a disease process affecting one or more lymph nodes

68
Q

lymphangitis

A

inflammation of lymphatic vessels

69
Q

infectious diseases of the nervous system

A
  • composed of CNA and peripheral nervous system

- no indigenous microbiota of the nervous system

70
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation or infection of the brain

71
Q

encephalomyelitis

A

inflammation or infection of the brain and spinal cord

72
Q

meningitis

A
  • inflammation or infection of the meninges

- can be caused by poison, drugs, vaccines, virus, bacterium, fungus, or protozoa

73
Q

meningoencephalitis

A

inflammation or infection of the brain and its surrounding membranes

74
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation or infection of the spinal cord

75
Q

3 major causes of bacterial meningitis

A
  • haemophilus influenzae
  • neisseria meningitidis
  • streptococci pneumoniae
76
Q

common opportunistic infections (5)

A
  • aspergillosis and other mould infections
  • candidiasis
  • cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex infection
  • TB, malaria, and toxoplasmosis
  • mycobacterium avenue and pneumocystis infections
77
Q

emerging infections (13)

A
  • H1N1 (swine flu)
  • avian influenza (bird flu)
  • cryptosporidosis
  • hemolytic ureic symdomre and other e coli O157 infections
  • ebola hemorrhagic fever
  • hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
  • HIV/AIDS
  • human monkeypox
  • lassa fever
  • legionellosis
  • lyme disease
  • Marburg hemorrhagic fever
  • sever acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
78
Q

reemerging infections (8)

A
  • cholera
  • dengue fever
  • diptheria
  • malaria
  • Rift Valley fever
  • TB
  • yellow fever
  • infection caused by MRSA and other superbugs

Microbiology (18 decks)

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